稳态与变异:论北宋哲宗朝陕西盐法中的官商角力  

Stability and change: Business-Government Conflicts in the Chaoyan System in Shanxi during Emperor Zhezong's period

作　　者：王申[1] WANG Shen

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学历史学院

出　　处：《盐业史研究》2017年第1期13-22,共10页Salt Industry History Research

摘　　要：北宋哲宗朝在制度层面将陕西钞盐法恢复至宋仁宗时期的初始状态,并一直执行。由于铜钱铸造量减少、铜钱使用受限,官府增铸铁钱以填补货币流通的空缺。此举致使铁钱贬值。受陕西货币混乱影响,盐钞成为唯一的货币替代品,成为"硬通货"。投机者借机通过垄断售钞渠道、利用政策时滞等方式囤蓄盐钞、推高钞价,使货运商和官府的利益受损;一部分官员出台政策平稳钞价,却未得要领;另一部分则提高盐钞销售价,与商争利,以维护官府收入。总之,尽管盐法规则全由朝廷设计,商人却也能够在特定条件下,使其对制度的影响力超越官府。钞盐法的制度框架看似同宋仁宗时期相类,但参与者因利益纠葛而引起的纷争使其实行状况大相径庭。一种正被执行的制度,在不同时期的实际状态可以千差万别。During Emperor Zhezong5s period,the Chaoyan system was recovered to the initial state of Emperor Renzong5period in Song Dynasty,and implemented all the time.Due to the reduced amount and the limited use of copper coins,rulers increased the amount of iron coins to fill the vacancies in the circulation of money,thus the iron money devaluated.Salt note became a currency substitute due to this impact of collapse in currencies in Shanxi.Merchants speculated on salt note,pushing up its market price,which damaged the interests of forwarder and the government.Some officials introduced policies to keep stability of the price while some bid up the price of salt note to compete with merchants for interests.Although the rules of the Chaoyan system was designed by the central government,merchants exerted more influence on the system than governments under certain conditions.The frame of Chaoyan system seemed to be similar to that of the Emperor Renzong's period,but the disputes of interests between participants made the implementation of the system vary widely.Above all,the actual state of a running system can vary significantly in different periods.

关 键 词：铁钱 盐钞 钞盐法 陕西 宋哲宗 

分 类 号：K244[历史地理—历史学]