不同栽培模式对油菜产量和倒伏相关性状的影响  

Effects of Different Cultivation Modes on Canola Yield and Lodging Related Indices

作　　者：蒯婕 左青松[2] 陈爱武 程雨贵 梅少华 吴江生[1] 周广生[1] KUAI Jie;ZUO Qing-Song;CHEN Ai-Wu;CHENG Yu-Gui;MEI Shao-Hua;WU Jiang-Sheng;ZHOU Guang-Sheng(College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology of Jiangsu Province, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;Hubei Department of Rape Production Management, Wuhan 430070,China;Yichang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Yichang 443004, China;Wuxue Bureau of Agriculture, Huanggang 435400, China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070 [2]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室,江苏扬州225009 [3]湖北省油菜办公室,湖北武汉430070 [4]湖北省宜昌市农业科学研究院,湖北宜昌443004 [5]武穴市农业局,湖北黄冈435400

出　　处：《作物学报》2017年第6期875-884,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201203096);国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD11B03);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(NYCYTC-00510);高校自主科技创新基金(2013PY001)资助~~

摘　　要：为建立与油菜相匹配的高产高效栽培管理方式,设置3种栽培模式即常规栽培(FP)、超高产栽培(SP)和高产高效栽培(HH),于2013—2014年在湖北枝江单季稻区用中熟油菜品种华双5号,武穴双季稻区用早熟品种华早291选择不同肥力田块(高肥力、低肥力)进行试验,测定3种栽培模式下油菜生物量和生育期间的光能资源利用率、产量、田间倒伏等指标。结果表明,与FP相比,在高、低肥力下,SH和HH均提高了各时期的光能截获率和光能利用效率,HH模式薹肥施用比例高,在后期光能截获率下降速率最低,仍保持较高的光合面积,有利于干物质的积累。SH模式和HH模式下,收获指数和产量均显著高于FP模式,且以SH模式最高。株高、根冠比和抗折力均表现为SH>HH>FP;倒伏指数与倒伏角度的变化趋势较为一致,在不同地力条件下均表现为SH>FP>HH。综上,HH模式的籽粒产量虽略低于SH模式,但不显著,而后期倒伏显著降低。与SH模式相比,HH模式通过增加种植密度,减少氮肥投入和施肥次数,起到了"以密抗倒、以密省肥"的效果,机械收获效率显著提高,可实现高产高效栽培。To establish a reasonable cultivation and management mode matching canola production,three cultivation modes includingfarmers practice cultivation(FP),super high cultivation(SH)and high yield and high efficiency cultivation(HH)wereadopted with middle-mature winter canola Huashuang5in single cropping rice region(Zhijiang)and early-mature winter canolaHuazao291in double-rice cropping region(Wuxue)of Hubei province at high and low soil fertility levels.Biomass accumulation,radiation use efficiency(RUE),yield and lodging related indices were investigated and analyzed.The light inception rate(LIR)and RUE under SH and HH were higher than those under FP during whole growth period.The deceleration rate of LIR at the endof growth stage was least under HH as the rate of bolting nitrogen increased,which was benefit for biomass accumulation.Theharvest index and yield of SH and HH were significantly higher than those of FP.Although HH had higher yield than SH,the differencewas not significant.The lodging index of HH was lower than that of SH which indicated that HH had higher lodging resistance.All these revealed that HH could achieve high yield and high lodging resistance with lower nitrogen cost compared withSH.It is concluded that the HH cultivation model can promote the mechanical harvesting efficiency by increasing lodging resistanceand reducing nitrogen cost due to higher plant density.Therefore,HH should be encouraged to extend in the Yangtze River Valley in the future for increasing mechanical canola productivity.

关 键 词：油菜 栽培模式 产量 倒伏 光能利用 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]