有机物还田方式对小麦玉米两熟种植系统能值效率的影响  

Effects of Organic Matter Returning Methods on Emergy Efficiency of Wheat-Corn Double Cropping

作　　者：刘振[1] 华则科 宁堂原[1] 李增嘉[1] LIU Zhen;HUA Ze-ke;NING Tang-yuan;LI Zeng-jia(State Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy/Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, China;Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Laiyang 265200, China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院,作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]莱阳市农业技术推广中心,山东莱阳265200

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2017年第3期321-326,共6页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD14B07);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目(201503121-05)

摘　　要：本研究利用能值方法分析了不同秸秆还田处理方式对小麦玉米两熟农田生态系统能值效率的影响。以小麦玉米两熟农田为研究系统,以常规施肥为对照(CK),设置了秸秆粉碎还田、沼液还田和有机肥(牛粪)还田3种有机物还田方式,运用能值分析方法对农田生态系统的能值产出率(EYR)、能值投资率(EIS)、环境负载率(ELR)、可持续发展指数(ESI)和基于能值的产品安全性指标(EIPS)进行了比较。结果显示:4种有机物还田方式沼液还田的能值产出率(EYR)是常规施肥的1.13倍(最大),而有机肥(牛粪)还田的农田系统的能值投资率(EIR)是对照的24.58倍,常规施肥方式的农田系统的环境负载率(ELR)是有机肥还田方式的19.5倍,对环境的压力是最大的,秸秆粉碎还田和沼液还田的可持续发展指数(ESI)基本相同,沼液还田的最高,是常规施肥的1.43倍,有机肥(牛粪)还田的农田系统产出的产品基于能值的产品安全性指标为-0.008,其安全性最高,常规施肥的农田系统产品存在一定的安全隐患。综上所述,在等氮量条件下,对于农田生态系统,沼液还田方式的能值效益和可持续发展能力要高于其他处理,应值得推广。In this study,emergy method was used to analyze the effects of different straw application on the emergy efficiency of wheat-corn double cropping farmland ecosystem.Wheat-corn double cropping fields were used as the research system,the conventional fertilization as the control(CK),three kinds of organic matter returning methods were adopted,including straw crushing and returning to field,biogas slurry returning and organic fertilizer(cow dung)returning to field,emergy analysis was used to compare the emergy yield ration(EYR),emergy investment rate(EIR),environmental load rate(ELR),sustainable development index(ESI)and emergy based product safety index(EIPS).The results showed among the four kinds of organic matter returning methods,EYR of biogas slurry returning was1.13times that of conventional fertilization,which was the the highest one.EIR of the organic fertilizer(cow dung)returning system was24.58times that of the the control group.ELR of the farmland system with conventional fertilization was19.5times that of the organic fertilizer returning system,this way had the greatest pressure on the environment.ESI of straw crushing-returning to field and biogas slurry returning was basically the same,biogas slurry returning had the highest,about1.43times that of the conventional fertilization.Organic fertilizer(cow dung)returning system had the highest security with the highest EIPS among the four systems,-0.008.The products of the conventional fertilization system had a certain hidden trouble,in conclusion,under the condition of equal nitrogen content,emergy benefit and sustainable development ability of biogas slurry returning method were superior to the others and worth of spreading.

关 键 词：有机物还田 农田生态系统 土壤肥力 能值 

分 类 号：S345[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]