基于Bell测量与三粒子纠缠态的量子密钥协商协议  

Quantum Key Agreement Protocol Based on Bell Measurement and Three-particle Entanglement

作　　者：石金晶[1] 程佳婧 陈慧[1] 周芳[1] SHI Jinjing;CHENG Jiajing;CHEN Hui;ZHOU Fang(Institute of Information Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha Hunan 410083, China)

机构地区：[1]中南大学信息科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《信息网络安全》2017年第6期56-61,共6页Netinfo Security

基　　金：国家自然科学基金[61272495;61379153;61401519];教育部博士点基金[20130162110012];湖南省自然科学基金[2017JJ3415]

摘　　要：受控非门(Controlled NOT,CNOT)攻击可利用纠缠比特间的相关性来窃听共享密钥。受这一攻击方式的启发,文章针对量子密钥协商(QKA)中可能面临的安全与效率问题,提出了一个基于Bell测量与三粒子纠缠态的量子密钥协商协议。该协议利用受控非门将Bell纠缠态及一个单量子比特转换成三粒子纠缠态,并通过幺正操作及Bell测量,实现Alice与Bob间的密钥协商。理论分析表明,该协议是安全且有效的,其效率为40%,其安全性表现在他既可以抵抗外部窃听者的攻击,也可以抵抗内部参与者的攻击。与HSUEH[1]等人的协议和申冬苏[2]等人的协议相比,协议的两个参与者均不能事先单独决定共享密钥,且双方对共享密钥的贡献相同。The controlled non-gate attack can use the correlation between the quantum entangledbits to eavesdrop the shared secret key.Inspired by this kind of attacks,this paper proposed a quantumkey agreement protocol based on Bell measurement and three particle-entangled states for the securityand effi ciency problems that may be faced in quantum key agreement(QKA).This protocol applies aControlled-NOT gate to convert the Bellen tangled bits and a single bit into a three-particle entangledstate,and negotiate the quantum key agreement between Alice and Bob with unitary operations andBell measurements.The theoretical analysis shows,the protocol whose quantum efficiency is40%is safe and effi cient,and its security is manifested as that it can resist both the external eavesdropperattacks and the internal attacks.Compared with the protocol of Hsueh[1]and Shen[2],either side of thetwo sides in the protocol cannot separately determine the shared secret key in advance,and the twoparticipants have the same contribution to the shared secret key.

关 键 词：量子密钥协商 三粒子纠缠 Bell测量 

分 类 号：O413[理学—理论物理] TN918.4[理学—物理]