三峡大坝的社会建构  

Social Construction of Three Gorges Dam

作　　者：李三虎[1] Li Sanhu(Guangzhou Academy of Governance, Guangzhou 510070, China)

机构地区：[1]中共广州市委党校校刊部,广州510070

出　　处：《工程研究（跨学科视野中的工程）》2017年第3期221-235,共15页JOURNAL OF ENGINEERING STUDIES

摘　　要：鉴于三峡工程的投资规模巨大和经济社会生态影响广泛,可以把三峡大坝的历史生成置于规模政治学加以分析:一是从孙中山到毛泽东再到邓小平,这些政治家-设计师不断强化了三峡工程的水政治和电政治意义;二是三峡大坝意义实现包含了在技术、经济、社会和生态影响方面的解释弹性,林一山-李锐之争,以及地方政府参与和公民社会卷入突显了三峡工程的开发层级、坝址和坝高选择,形成了一级开发的三斗坪175米大坝框架;三是进入物质化建构阶段后,主要转向融资、移民等的工程解题,表现出某种程度上的威权政治组织和动员力量;四是三峡大坝建成后,出于以环保为理由的反坝运动要求,逐步转向以可持续工程理念为核心的生态政治治理。认为,像三峡大坝这样的大型工程框架选择,是一种容纳各种歧见的社会建构过程。这一过程涉及各种技术和非技术因素,最终结果取决于所处历史阶段、工程规模大小、经济发展情况以及社会或政治协商程度。Because of Three Gorges Dam(TGD)project’s great influences on economy,society and ecologicalsystem,its history and materiazation should be characterized in scale of politics.Firstly,Sun Yat-sen,MaoZedong and Denxiaoping,these politician-designers early or late endowed TGD with politics of water and hydropower.Secondly,the politics of water and hydropower of TGD is manifested in interpretative flexibility on techniques,economy,and social or ecological effects,in which Lin Yishan-Li Rui debates,local governments and civilsociety involved.Complex choices of its developmental levels,dam sites and heights,by which the engineeringframe(one-level dam with175m height at Sandouping)was schemed finally.Thirdly,at the material constructionphase,TGD has been centered on engineering problems solving,as financing,immigration and so on,whose successdepends on the political organization and mobilization of the authoritative power from central government.Fourthly,upon the completion of TGD,it has been turning to the ecologically political governance at the core ideaof sustainable development,for some requests from anti-dam movements using environmental protection as anexcuse.Large scale projects like TGD may be considered as a social or political construction process accommodatingvarious dissents on technological and non-technological issues.The final consequence depends on the historicalstages,project sizes,economic development situations and the degree of political or social negotiation.

关 键 词：三峡大坝 水政治 地理政治 生态政治 工程框架 

分 类 号：D232[政治法律—政治学] D693.6[政治法律—中共党史]