火灾环境液化石油气卧罐稳定性与静态可靠性分析  

Stability and static reliability of horizontal LPG tank exposed to fire

作　　者：贾梅生[1] 陈国华[1] JIA Meisheng;CHEN Guohua(Institute of Safety Science and Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510640,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学安全科学与工程研究所,广东广州510640

出　　处：《化工进展》2017年第7期2353-2359,共7页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(21576102);国家重点研究开发计划(2016YFC0801500)项目

摘　　要：沸腾液体扩展蒸汽云爆炸(BLEVE)是液化烃介质压力容器处于火灾环境而极易发生的一类多米诺效应灾难事故。本文针对液化石油气(LPG)卧罐,考虑LPG热力学性质与安全阀泄压过程,构建一个两节点集中温度参数模型,并与美国陆军弹道实验室(BRL)现场实验数据进行对比验证;基于热量平衡原理导出LPG卧罐的稳定状态,分析表明处于稳定状态的体系温度与安全阀动作可以直接影响BLEVE是否发生;在稳定性分析基础之上,应用一次可靠度法与响应面法,分析研究LPG卧罐的静态可靠性。稳定性与静态可靠性分析可以为多米诺效应定量风险评价以及火灾环境压力容器本质安全设计提供理论与方法支持。The liquefied hydrocarbon pressure vessel exposed to heat radiation from fire is extremelydangerous which may incur the boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion(BLEVE)of disaster dominoeffect.In this paper,the stability and static reliability of a horizontal LPG tank exposed to fire werestudied.A two-node lumped temperature model(LTM)was proposed by considering LPGthermodynamic properties and pressure relief process of the safety valve.The LTM was validated usingthe experimental results of U.S.Army Ballistic Research Laboratory(BRL).According to the heatbalance,a stable state of the LTM was derived,which showed that the dry wall and LPG temperatureand the safety valve action could together determine whether the BLEVE would occur.Following thestability analysis,a limit state equation(LSE)was derived.The static reliability of the tank wasobtained by applying the first-order reliability method(FORM)and response surface method(RSM)toLSE.The proposed analysis method of stability and static reliability is helpful to both quantitative riskassessment(QRA)of domino effect and inherently safer design(ISD)of pressure equipment.

关 键 词：沸腾液体扩展蒸汽云爆炸 多米诺效应 火灾 液化石油气卧罐 稳定性 可靠性 

分 类 号：TQ086[化学工程] X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学]