脲酶抑制剂与硝化抑制剂对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响  

Effects of Urease Inhibitor and Nitrification Inhibitor on Nitrogen Transformation in Paddy Soil

作　　者：张文学[1] 杨成春[1] 王少先[1] 孙刚[1] 刘增兵[1] 李祖章[1] 刘光荣[1] ZHANG Wenxue;YANG Chengchun;WANG Shaoxian;SUN Gang;LIU Zengbing;LI Zuzhang;LIU Guangrong(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer&Resource and Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement/Double Cropping Rice Nutrition and Agricultural Environment Observation Experimental Station of Ministry of Agriculture,)

机构地区：[1]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心/农业部双季稻营养与农业环境观测实验站,南昌330200

出　　处：《中国水稻科学》2017年第4期417-424,共8页Chinese Journal of Rice Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2016YFD0200109;2016YFD0200402;2017YFD0301601);国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2015BAD23B03-01);江西省农业科学院创新基金博士启动项目(2014ZCBS009)

摘　　要：【目的】本研究旨在阐明脲酶抑制剂(urease inhibitor,UI)和硝化抑制剂(nitrification inhibitor,NI)对稻田土壤氮素转化的影响,探讨抑制剂提高稻谷产量以及氮肥利用率的机理。【方法】本试验设在我国南方红壤稻田,共5个处理:1)不施氮肥(CK);2)尿素(U);3)尿素+脲酶抑制剂(U+UI);4)尿素+硝化抑制剂(U+NI);5)尿素+脲酶抑制剂+硝化抑制剂(U+UI+NI);脲酶抑制剂采用N-丁基硫代磷酰三胺(NBPT),硝化抑制剂采用3,4-二甲基吡唑磷酸盐(DMPP)。在水稻分蘖期和孕穗期测定土壤脲酶活性、硝酸还原酶活性、土壤铵态氮含量、硝态氮含量以及微生物碳、氮的含量,分析NBPT与DMPP对水稻两个主要生育期土壤氮素供应的影响,比较各处理的产量以及氮肥利用率,通过逐步回归分析研究以上各指标对产量的影响,探明脲酶抑制剂NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP在稻田的增效机理。【结果】1)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施均显著提高稻谷产量与地上部氮素回收率,两个处理分别增产6.56%与8.24%,氮素回收率提高幅度为19.4%与23.7%。2)与单施尿素相比,添加NBPT以及NBPT与DMPP配施,显著降低水稻分蘖期的土壤脲酶活性和铵态氮含量,显著提高孕穗期的铵态氮含量,而对此时期的脲酶活性无显著影响,所有处理对两个时期的硝态氮含量、硝酸还原酶活性、微生物量碳、氮含量均无显著影响;因此,NBPT对于抑制脲酶活性以及提高铵态氮含量的作用主要在孕穗期之前,而单施DMPP没有显著效应。3)从各项土壤指标与水稻产量相关性的逐步回归分析结果来看,水稻分蘖期与孕穗期稻田土壤中铵态氮含量对水稻产量影响显著,而且孕穗期的影响大于分蘖期,其余指标则对产量无显著影响。【结论】脲酶抑制剂NBPT以及NBPT与硝化抑制剂DMPP配施显著提高孕穗期土壤中的铵态氮含量,显著提高稻谷产量以及地上部氮素回收率,证明�【Objective】The research is aimed to reveal the effects of urease inhibitor(UI)and nitrification inhibitor(NI)on nitrogen(N)transformation,and the fertilizer-saving mechanism of inhibitor(s).【Method】A field experiment was conducted in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River area,Southern China with a randomized design and five treatments and three replicates:1)CK(no N fertilizer),2)U(urea only),3)U+UI,4)U+NI,5)U+UI+NI.NBPT[N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide]and DMPP[3,4-Dimethyl-1H-pyrazole phosphate]as the urease inhibitor and nitrification inhibitor was uniformly mixed with urea(U)at a rate of10,000mg/kg.The total urea,as base fertilizer,was applied to field before the transplanting of rice seedlings.The activities of urease and nitrate reductase,the contents of NH4+-N,NO3--N and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)in soil were analyzed in tillering and booting stages.The rice yield and N efficiency were investigated.The mechanism of increased yield and N efficiency due to inhibitor was elucidated by the stepwise regression analysis.【Result】1)Compared with the normal urea treatment,NBPT addition and NBPT+DMPP significantly improved the grain yields and the recovery of applied N in the above-ground parts by6.56%and8.24%,19.4%and23.7%,respectively.2)The addition of NBPT and NBPT+DMPP in urea significantly reduced urease activity and soil NH4+-N content at the tillering stage,and increased soil NH4+-N content at the booting stage,without obvious effects on nitrate reductase activity(NRA),soil NO3--N content and microbial biomass carbon(MBC)and microbial biomass nitrogen(MBN)in both stages.There is no significant difference in urease activity between urea and urea+NBPT at the booting stage.Therefore,the urease inhibitor NBPT was effective on inhibiting the activity of urease and improving the content of NH4+-N before the booting stage.On the contrast,adding DMPP only had no obvious effects on these indexes above.3)The stepwise regression analysis revealed that the gr

关 键 词：脲酶抑制剂 硝化抑制剂 稻田 产量 氮素回收率 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]