西太湖入湖河流水系污染时空分异特征及解析  

Temporospatial variations and influential factors of water quality in the flowing river systems of western Taihu Lake Basin

作　　者：王倩[1] 吴亚东[1] 丁庆玲 张琼华[1] 王晓昌[1] WANG Qian;WU Ya-dong;DING Qing-ling;ZHANG Qiong-hua;WANG Xiao-chang(School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi’an 710000, China)

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第7期2699-2707,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：水污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2014ZX07305002)

摘　　要：选取典型西太湖入湖河流水系(南溪水系和洮滆水系)2011~2014年12个断面的9个指标,采用单因素方差分析、回归分析及相关分析等多元统计分析方法探讨河湖水系的污染分异特征,结合温度、水量及缓冲带土地利用现状解析污染物变化规律及特征.研究结果表明:西太湖上游南溪水系和洮滆水系TN污染严重,全部超出地表水Ⅴ类标准限值.洮滆水系TN和NH_3^-N平均浓度高于南溪水系,其他指标差异不大.时间水平上,DO、BOD5、TN和NH_3^-N等可被生物利用的污染物浓度夏秋季节显著高于春冬季节,丰水期村镇及水产养殖区部分污染物浓度显著下降.空间水平上,人类活动影响较小的南部山区水体污染物(除TN外)浓度最低,显著优于其他断面,城区水质略好于入湖区,大面积水产养殖集中区水体污染物(除TN和TP外)浓度最高.此外,城区完善的雨污分流系统及绿地消纳径流能有效控制及削减TN污染,而村镇生活污水及畜禽养殖废水、农田径流加剧了TN污染,水产养殖退水加剧了BOD_5和NH_3^-N污染.村镇、水产养殖及农业面源对水体C、N等污染物影响较大,需要通过截留村镇生活污水及畜禽养殖废水、处理水产养殖退水及设置农田岸边防护带等途径有效控制和治理.研究结果对于掌握典型河湖水体污染及治理TN、NH_3^-N和BOD5等入太湖污染物提供有效技术支撑.The temporospatial variations and factors influencing the water quality of Nanxi and Taoge river systems in the Taihu Upper-River Basin were evaluated.The results showed that Nanxi and Taoge river systems were characterized by TN pollution.The average concentrations of TN and NH4-N in the Taoge river system were higher than that in the Nanxi river system.Moreover,the seasonal variations were significant for bioavailable pollutants(DO,BOD5,TN and NH4-N),the concentrations of which were significantly higher in spring and winter than that in summer and autumn.Spatially,the water quality parameters(except TN)in the mountainous area was prominently superior to other areas.However,the water quality was the worst in large-scale aquaculture areas.The rain sewage diversion and greenbelt in urban areas are beneficial for the reduction of TN pollution.By contrast,agriculture runoff and domestic and livestock wastewater from the villages and towns exacerbate the TN pollution.Furthermore,the aquaculture wastewater aggravates the BOD5and NH4-N pollution.Therefore,the management of aquaculture wastewater,agricultural runoff,as well as domestic and livestock wastewater from villages and towns are effective approaches to the control of pollution in the river systems of the Taihu Upper-River Basin.

关 键 词：时空分异 水质水量 温度 土地利用 多元统计分析 西太湖 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程]