公交车燃用生物柴油的排放性、经济性与可靠性  

Study on the emission performance, fuel economy and reliability of a bus fuelled with biodiesel blends

作　　者：张允华[1] 楼狄明[1] 谭丕强[1] 胡志远[1] ZHANG Yun-hua;LOU Di-ming;TAN Pi-qiang;HU Zhi-yuan(School of automobile studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804 China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第7期2773-2778,共6页China Environmental Science

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会科研计划项目(16DZ1203001)

摘　　要：基于国Ⅴ柴油公交车,试验研究并分析了燃用5%体积分数的餐厨废弃油脂制生物柴油混合燃料B5的实际道路排放性,燃油经济性及可靠性.结果表明:所跟踪进行的11万km道路排放检测过程中,相较于国Ⅴ纯柴油(D100),B5的CO排放因子平均下降13.28%,THC排放因子平均下降7.86%,CO_2和NO_x排放因子平均上升11.50%和11.84%,颗粒数量PN排放因子平均上升13.15%,颗粒质量PM排放因子平均下降14.74%;油耗的跟踪监测结果显示:B5的燃油经济性与D100相当,按热值换算后,B5的年平均百km油耗较D100小幅上升约1.54%;内窥镜跟踪检查结果显示:燃用B5后,在活塞顶面,燃烧室顶面,气门与气门座间隙以及喷油嘴等发动机的关键部位均无明显的积碳产生,燃用B5的可靠性较好.A long-term experimental study on the characteristics of on-road emissions,fuel economy and reliability for a bus at emission standard Stage V was carried out through the emission test for110,000kilometers.The bus was fueled with biodiesel blends B5(5%biodiesel made with used cooking oil and95%pure China-V diesel in volume).The experimental results show that the average CO emission factor of B5is about13.28%lower than that of D100,the average THC emission factor of B5is about7.86%lower than that of D100,and the average CO2and NOx emission factors of B5are higher than those of D100by11.50%and11.84%respectively.Compared with D100,the average PN emission factor of B5increases by13.15%while the average PM emission factor decreases by14.74%.The recorded data of fuel consumption shows that the fuel economy of B5is equivalent to that of D100,but the annual average fuel consumption of B5per hundred kilometers is1.54%higher than that of D100based on heating value.The diesel engine endoscope test shows that there is no obvious carbon deposition on the key components of the engine,such as the piston head,the combustion chamber,the fuel injector,and the site between valve and valve seat,which indicates the reliability of the engine.

关 键 词：柴油公交车 生物柴油 排放性 经济性 可靠性 

分 类 号：X73[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TK464[动力工程及工程热物理—动力机械及工程]