俄罗斯系统性使用兴奋剂事件述评  

A review of the incident of systematic doping in Russian

作　　者：熊英灼[1] XIONG Ying-zhuo(Investigation Department,Hunan Police Academy,Changsha 410016,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南警察学院侦查系,湖南长沙410016

出　　处：《体育学刊》2017年第4期51-56,共6页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"国际体育仲裁程序机制专题研究"(11CFX076);湖南省教育厅科学研究优秀青年项目"民事再审制度实证研究"(14B056);湖南警察学院专项科研项目"中国特色社会主义司法制度的自我完善和发展"

摘　　要：因俄罗斯运动员大规模系统性使用兴奋剂事件,各国际体育组织对俄罗斯相应的体育组织进行了不同程度的处罚,对这类处罚的申诉,国际体育仲裁院表现出对各国际体育组织自治权的充分尊重,但对国际残奥会处罚的处理却有违比例原则。研究认为,在因系统性使用兴奋剂给予体育组织团体处罚时,在个人参赛资格例外条款的设置上,应采取更灵活、更能有效保障运动员个人权益的做法,只要由运动员提供充分的证据证明自己未使用兴奋剂即可。这次事件提示国际体育组织应给予举报人充分的权益保障、改革对运动员辅助人员和所在团队的处罚措施、完善样本分析前程序的质量管理制度、改革反兴奋剂机构的管理体制。Due to the incident of Russian athletes'large-scale systematic doping,various international sports organizations have imposed punishments to different extents on corresponding sports organizations of Russia,as for the appealing of such punishments,the Court of Arbitration for Sport showed full respect for the autonomy of various international sports organizations,yet its handling of punishments imposed by the International Paralympic Committee violated the principle of proportionality.In the author's opinion,when imposing punishments on a sports organization/group due to systematic doping,in terms of the setting of individual competition qualification exception clauses,procedures that are more flexible and more able to effectively assure athletes'individual rights should be followed,it should be OK as long as the athlete provides sufficient evidence to prove that he/she does not dope.This incident hints that international organizations should give informers adequate right protection,reform punishment measures for athlete assistants and teams,perfect the sample pre-analysis procedure quality management system,and reform the anti-doping organization management system.

关 键 词：体育法 兴奋剂 比例原则 反兴奋剂管理体制 俄罗斯 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]