优秀短道速滑运动员竞技能力网络结构的建立和特征  

The establishment and characteristics of an excellent short track speed skater competitive ability network structure

作　　者：王立国[1] 陈松[2] 刘俊一[1] 季朝新 WANG Li-guo;CHEN Song;LIU Jun-yi;JI Chao-xin(School of Physical Education,Northeast Normal University,Changchun 130024,China;Department of Physical Education,Northeastern University,Shenyang 110819,China)

机构地区：[1]东北师范大学体育学院,吉林长春130024 [2]东北大学体育部,辽宁沈阳110819

出　　处：《体育学刊》2017年第4期128-132,共5页Journal of Physical Education

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学基金项目(15YJA890015)

摘　　要：为探索优秀短道速滑运动员竞技能力网络结构特征,选取在吉林省冰上中心进行集训的短道速滑队女队员30名,运用专家访谈、问卷调查、实验测试等方法测得代表运动员竞技能力的39个指标,对这些指标进行分析以找出短道速滑运动员竞技能力的"中心节点"和"平衡点",探讨短道速滑运动员竞技能力网络结构特征。结果显示:在所选取的节点中,拥有边数最多的是体能类节点中的30 m跑(15条边)和最大摄氧量(14条边),可以认为这两个指标是短道速滑运动员的中心节点;在所选取的节点中,弯道技术是连接各个子能力之间的桥梁,说明弯道技术是短道速滑中比较重要的1项指标;在体能的23个节点中,共拥有43条边,说明体能是短道速滑运动员竞技能力最重要的一个组成部分,短道速滑运动员的体能是其整体竞技能力最为重要的子能力。结果说明:竞技能力网络拓扑模型可以揭示运动训练学方面的规律,能够更好地确定最佳竞技能力,可以确保运动员以最佳的竞技状态投入到比赛中。In order to explore the characteristics of an excellent short track speed skater competitive ability network structure,the authors selected30female skaters in a short track speed skater team trained at the ice center of Jilin province,measured39indexes that represent athlete competitive abilities by applying methods such as expert interview,questionnaire survey and experiment testing etc,analyzed these indexes in order to find out the“central nodes”and“balance points”of short track speed skater competitive abilities,probed into the characteristics of the excellent short track speed skater competitive ability network structure,and revealed the following findings:among the selected nodes,the nodes that have the biggest numbers of edges are30m run(15edges)and maximum oxygen uptake(14edges)in the nodes in the stamina category,the two indexes can be considered as the central nodes of short track speed skaters;among the selected nodes,the curve technique is a bridge connecting various sub-abilities,which indicates that the curve technique is an important index in short track speed skating;among the23nodes of stamina,there are totally edges,which indicates that stamina is the most important constituent part of short track speed skater competitive abilities;a short track skater's stamina is the most important sub-ability of his/her overall competitive abilities.The said findings indicate that the competitive ability network topology model can reveal the patterns in sports training science,better determine optimal competitive abilities,and ensure that skaters can go into competition in the optimal competition condition.

关 键 词：竞赛与训练 竞技能力 复杂网络理论 短道速滑 

分 类 号：G862.1[文化科学—体育训练]