塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地沙尘天气过程粗细颗粒中水溶性离子组分垂直分布特征  

Analysis the Vertical Distribution Characteristics on Water Soluble Ions of Coarse and Fine Component during Dust Weather in the Hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert

作　　者：刘新春[1,2] 代亚亚 陈红娜 陆辉[1,2] 杨兴华[1,2] 霍文[1,2] 何清 LIU Xinchun;DAI Yaya;CHEN Hongna;LU Hui;YANG Xinghua;HUO Wen;HE Qing(Institute of Desert Meteorology, CMA, Urumqi//Key Laboratory of Tree-ring Physical and Chemical Research of China Meteorological Administration//Xinjiang Laboratory of Tree Ring Ecology, Urumqi 830002, China;Desert Atmosphere and Environment Observation Experiment of Taklimakan Station, Tazhong 831000, China;Wusu Agricultural Bureau of Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Inspection Station, Wusu 833000, China;Environment Monitoring Center Station in Urumqi, Urumqi 830011, China)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局乌鲁木齐沙漠气象研究所//新疆树木年轮生态实验室//中国气象局树木轮年轮理化研究重点开放实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830002 [2]塔克拉玛干沙漠大气环境观测试验站,新疆塔中841000 [3]乌苏市农业局农产品质量安全检验检测站,新疆乌苏833000 [4]乌鲁木齐市环境监测中心站,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第6期991-1000,共10页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41375162;41405141;41375163);新疆维吾尔自治区自然科学基金项目(2016D01A078)

摘　　要：在塔克拉玛干沙漠腹地塔中气象站,利用80 m梯度观测塔及BSNE梯度集沙仪采集了2015年7—11月沙尘天气过程7个不同高度沙尘样品,分析了粗、细组分离子质量分数的垂直分布特征。结果表明,(1)粗颗粒(≥63μm)组分中主要水溶性离子SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-、Ca^(2+)、Na^+质量分数明显高于细颗粒(<63μm)组分质量分数,其中,粗颗粒组分中,水溶性离子SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-、Ca^(2+)、Na^+质量分数分别为3 530.59、2 871.08、3 107.92、2 136.00 mg·kg^(-1),而细粒组分中SO_4^(2-)、Cl^-、Ca^(2+)、Na^+质量分数分别为1 058.33、1 726.41、1 826.87、1 377.60 mg·kg^(-1);粗颗粒组分中4种主要离子的质量分数为细颗粒组分中相应离子质量分数的1.5~3.3倍。K^+、Mg^(2+)、NO_3^-质量分数差别不明显。各离子在粗、细组分中的变化趋势也具有差异性,粗颗粒组分中离子变化更明显。(2)扬沙、沙尘暴天气粗颗粒组分中4种主要离子质量分数在32 m高处出现最大值,32~80m随高度升高呈下降趋势,K^+、Mg^(2+)、NO_3^-离子质量分数最高值出现在24 m或32 m处;细颗粒组分中,所有离子浓度最大值均出现在24 m高处,24~80 m随高度升高呈下降趋势;粗、细颗粒组分中离子浓度均在63 m处出现小幅增加。(3)浮尘天气细颗粒组分的变化趋势明显好于粗颗粒组分。受沙垄颗粒物影响,细颗粒组分水溶性离子的垂直分布整体规律性较好,粗颗粒组分波动性较大。(4)筛分法与马尔文激光粒度法得到的粗、细颗粒组分含量相差较大,筛分法得到的粗颗粒组分百分含量偏小、细颗粒组分含量偏大,粗、细组分中的水溶性离子的垂直分布与实测结果存在偏移,有待进一步研究。研究结果有助于了解沙漠腹地沙尘天气过程垂直剖面沙尘颗粒的分布及水溶性离子组分特征,进一步为沙尘数值预报模式的改进提供科学依据。In atmosphere environment and experiment station,the hinterland of the Taklimakan Desert,sand dust samples were collected through the80meters observation tower and the BSNE samplers at seven different heights in dust weather from July to November,2015.This paper discussed the vertical distribution of water soluble ions and concentration of coarse and fine component,the results showed that,(1)the concentrations of SO42-,Cl-,Ca2+and Na+in the main components of the coarse particles(≥63μm)were significantly higher than those of the fine particles(<63μm),and were3530.59,2871.08,3107.92and2136.00mg·kg-1,those of the fine particles were1058.33,1726.41,1826.87and1377.60mg·kg-1,respectively.But the concentrations differences ofK+,Mg2+and NO3-were not significant.The variation trends of the ions in the coarse and fine components were also different,and the change of ions in the coarse particles was more obvious.(2)In the blowing sand and sandstorm weather,four kinds of major ion concentrations of the coarse particle had a maximum value at32m.The concentration decreased with the increase of height from32to80m.The maximum concentration of K+,Mg2+and NO3-was at24m or32m.The maximum concentrations of all ions in fine particle were at24m,and the concentration decreased with the increase of height from32to80m.The coarse and fine particle of ion concentration increased slightly at63m.(3)In dust weather,the change trend of fine particle was better than coarse particles.Affected by the dune-sand,the vertical distribution regular of the fine particles of water soluble ions was better and coarse particles component fluctuation was obvious.(4)With the screening method and Malvin laser particle size method,the content difference of coarse and fine particle was bigger.There may be some bias in vertical distribution of coarse and fine particles compared with actual results due to the defect of screening method.There still need further study to get more accurate results.This research helps to understand the distribution characteris

关 键 词：水溶性离子 垂直分布 粗细颗粒 颗粒组分 沙尘天气 沙漠腹地 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]