微混合与微反应技术在提升化工安全中的应用  

Application of micromixer and microreactor in improving process safety

作　　者：孙冰[1] 朱红伟[1] 姜杰[1] 石宁[1] SUN Bing;ZHU Hongwei;JIANG Jie;SHI Ning(SINOPEC Research Institute of Safety Engineering,Qingdao 266071,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]中国石化安全工程研究院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《化工进展》2017年第8期2756-2763,共8页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(21606258)

摘　　要：现代化工的发展对工艺过程的安全性提出了更高的要求,也为在反应安全性上具有独特优势的微化工技术提供了机遇。本文从微通道内流体流动特点出发,解释了特征尺度微型化导致的通道内传递效率、流动行为的变化,同时选取有代表性的文献结果和应用实例,分析了微化工技术在提升工工艺本质安全性方面的作用,并将其归纳为3个方面:传热传质的强化能够迅速移除反应放热并保证物料浓度的均匀分布;对危险物料的约束作用能够减少有毒、不稳定物质的暴露风险和易燃物质的燃爆风险;对苛刻条件的耐受性能够保证反应在高温高压条件下安全进行。最后,本文从微化工技术面临的制造成本高、平行分配难和催化剂担载方式的创新3个挑战出发,对其应用前景作出了展望。The development of modern industry has posed new demand for safer chemical processes,which has also created new opportunities for micro chemical engineering technology considering its unique advantages in promoting reaction safety.Starting from the characteristics of fluids inside the microchannel,in this review we have explained the change on transfer efficiency and fluid behavior due to the miniaturization in dimension.With literature reports and application cases chosen carefully,we have summarized the function of microreactors in improving the inherent safety of chemical processes in three aspects-rapid heat removal and uniform concentration distribution due to intensified heat and mass transfer,reduced exposure risk and explosion risk attributed to the confinement of hazardous material,and guaranteed safety of reactions under extreme conditions.In the concluding remarks,comments on challenges to microreactors such as high production cost,mal-distribution in parallel unit and demand for new catalyst loading method have been provided,as well as prospective overview of its future application.

关 键 词：微反应器 传热 传质 危险物质 本质安全 

分 类 号：O652.2[理学—分析化学]