滴灌施氮时间及比例对烤烟根系发育及空间分布的影响  

Effect of Time and Ratio of Drip Nitrogen Fertigation on Growth and Spatial Distribution of Flue-cured Tobacco Root System

作　　者：孙泽东[1] 梁晓芳[1] 邢瑶 陈乐[3] 王大海[4] 高凯[4] 尹子杰 马兴华[1] SUN Zedong;LIANG Xiaofang;XING Yao;CHEN Le;WANG Dahai;GAO Kai;YIN Zijie;MA Xinghua(Tobacco Research Institute of CAAS, Key Laboratory of Tobacco Biology and Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Qingdao266101, China;Agricultural Technology Extension Station of Jiangsu Province, Nanjing 210036, China;Honghe Tobacco Company of Yunnan, Honghe, Yunnan 652399, China;Weifang Tobacco Company, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,农业部烟草生物学与加工重点实验室,青岛266101 [2]江苏省农业技术推广总站,南京210036 [3]云南省烟草公司红河州公司,云南红河652399 [4]山东潍坊烟草有限公司,山东潍坊261000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2017年第3期8-13,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项“烟草增香减害关键技术研究与示范”(201203091);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(ASTIP-TRIC03);中国烟草总公司山东省公司重点项目“山东烟区不同气象要素条件下优质特色烟叶生产技术优化研究与应用”(201504)

摘　　要：为探讨烤烟根系发育和形态特征对滴灌施氮的响应,选用烤烟品种K326,在框栽条件下设置1个对照和9个滴灌施氮处理,研究移栽后0、28、42 d的施氮比例对烤烟根系干物质量、根冠比和形态指标的影响。结果表明,随移栽期施氮比例的减少,根系干物质量、根冠比、距滴注点垂直15~25 cm和距滴注点水平15~20 cm的根系表面积呈降低趋势。移栽期施氮50%,移栽后28 d、42 d滴灌追氮2次(T2),根系干物质量和根冠比分别比移栽后28 d追氮1次(T1)高27.08%和3.61%。移栽期施氮30%或10%,滴灌追氮2次,根系干物质量显著低于追氮1次处理,距滴注点垂直20~25 cm和水平15~20 cm根系表面积则大于追氮1次处理,一定程度上促进了深层土壤和远烟株土壤中根系的生长。10个处理中追氮时间与比例对根系平均直径的影响较小。在本试验条件下:适当增加早期施氮比例有利于烤烟根系发育;在保证伸根期氮素供应的前提下,将部分氮肥后移追施可以进一步促进烤烟根系的生长。In order to investigate the response of dry weight and morphological characteristics of flue-cured tobacco root system to drip nitrogen fertigation,10drip nitrogen fertigation treatments of different nitrogen ratios0,28,42days after transplanting were designed using the cultivar K326in the frame conditions.Root dry weight,root-shoot ratio and root morphological indexes were assayed.The results showed that root dry weight,root-shoot ratio,root surface area at15-25cm in the vertical direction and15-20cm in the horizontal direction from the infusion point decreased with the increased rate of nitrogen topdressing.Root dry weight and root-shoot ratio of the T2treatment(50%of the N fertilizer applied at transplanting plus2times of drip fertigation)were27.08%,3.61%and13.79%higher than T1(50%N applied at transplanting plus1drip fertigation),respectively.When30%and10%of the nitrogen fertilizer was applied at transplanting,two times of nitrogen topdressing caused a significant decrease in root dry weight,and an increase in root surface area at20-25cm in the vertical direction and15-20cm in the horizontal direction from the infusion point.In other words,to some extent,promoted the growth of root system which was deep in the soil and far from the plants.The10treatments had no significant effects on the average root diameter.Under the conditions of this experiment,appropriately increasing the ratio of nitrogen at the early growth stages can promote the growth of tobacco root system.Root growth can be further promoted by appropriately increasing the ratio of nitrogen topdressing,under the premise that the nitrogen at the root extending stage was adequate.

关 键 词：烤烟 滴灌追氮 干物质 根冠比 根系形态 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]