蒙古黄芪营养器官结构与有效成分积累特征研究  

Anatomy of Vegetative Organs and the Accumulation of Active Constituents in Astragalus membranaceus var.mongolicus

作　　者：滕红梅[1] 王玲丽[1,2] 胡晓晨[1] 王伟平[1] 胡正海[2] TENG Hongmei;WANG Lingli;HU Xiaochen;WANG Weiping;HU Zhenghai(Department of Life Science,Yuncheng University,Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000, China;College of Life Science,Northwest University,Xi'an 710069, China)

机构地区：[1]运城学院生命科学系,山西运城044000 [2]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710069

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第2期279-285,共7页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：山西省自然科学基金(2013011029-2);运城学院生物学学科研究项目(XK-2015032)

摘　　要：应用植物解剖学、组织化学定位和紫外分光光度法,对蒙古黄芪各营养器官的结构特点及其皂苷、黄酮、多糖3种有效成分的积累特征和含量进行分析研究。结果表明:(1)蒙古黄芪的根由周皮和次生维管组织构成,其中次生韧皮部为根的主要部分,约占根横切面积70%,韧皮薄壁细胞为其主要组成部分;茎包括表皮、皮层和维管柱三部分,外韧维管束排列紧密,髓射线窄;叶为异面叶,包括表皮、叶肉和叶脉;营养器官具有抗旱特征。(2)组织化学显示,皂苷、黄酮、多糖3种有效成分主要贮藏在根的栓内层、次生韧皮部、维管射线、形成层细胞和茎的皮层、髓射线、韧皮薄壁细胞、形成层细胞以及叶的叶肉组织中。(3)紫外分光光度计定量分析结果显示:根、茎、叶中的皂苷含量分别为6.081、5.362、6.590mg/g,黄酮含量分别为1.981、2.662、1.359mg/g,多糖的含量分别为56.69、7.36、12.23mg/g。该研究植物化学分析结果与组织化学观察结果一致且相互印证,说明蒙古黄芪根、茎、叶中的有效成分含量均较高,其茎、叶也具有一定的药用价值,建议进行合理采收及开发利用。The microstructure studies onAstragalus membranaceusvar.mongolicus’vegetative organs were done with the method of plant anatomy and the officinal ingredients’specific stored parts were ensured using the method of histochemistry.The results showed that:(1)the root ofA.membranaceus var.mongolicusis composed of periderm and secondary vascular tissue.The secondary phloem is the main part of root,accounts for about70%root transverse area,in which the secondary phloem parenchyma cells are the main ingredient.The stem ofA.membranaceusvar.mongolicusconsists of three parts:epidermis,cortex and vascular column.Epidermis is composed of a layer of cells.Cortex is composed of dozens of layer of cells.Vascular column is ectophloic type,the arrangement is tight and pith ray is narrow.The leaves ofA.membranaceusvar.mongolicusare bifacial and include three parts:epidermis,mesophyll and vein.Vegetative organs ofA.membranaceusvar.mongolicusshow droughtresistant characteristics.(2)Histochemical studies showed that saponins are stored in parenchymal cell of root,such as phelloderm,secondary phloem,dimensional root ray tube,forming layers,and its also stored in parenchyma cell of stem,such as cortex,forming layers and leafs mesophyll tissue and vein.Polysaccharides are mainly stored in parenchyma cell of root,such as phelloderm,phloem and dimensional root ray tube,as well as the leaf mesophyll tissue.Flavonoids are stored in the epidermis,cortex,collenchyma and pith ray cells of stem.(3)The quantitative analysis of ultraviolet spectrophotometer showed that the contents of saponins,flavonoid and polysaccharides in root,stem and leaf are consistent with the results of histochemistry.The results revealed that active constituent contents in root,stem and leaf ofA.membranaceusvar.mongolicusare higher,the stem and leaf ofA.membranaceusvar.mongolicusalso have medicinal value and should be reasonable harvested and utilized.

关 键 词：蒙古黄芪 营养器官 皂苷 黄酮 多糖 解剖结构 组织化学 

分 类 号：Q944.5[生物学—植物学] Q944.62