不同温度对烟草生长发育及光合作用的影响  

Effects of Different Temperatures on Growth,Development and Photosynthesis of Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L.)Plants

作　　者：杨利云[1] 段胜智 李军营[2] 逄涛[2] 杨双龙[1] 王莎莎[1] 龚明[1] YANG Liyun;DUAN Shengzhi;LI Junying;PANG Tao;YANG Shuanglong;WANG Shasha;GONG Ming(School of Life Sciences, Yunnan Normal University, Engineering Research Center of Sustainable Development and Utilization of Biomass Energy, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Environmental Biotechnology of Yunnan Province, Chenggong Kunming 650500, China;Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, Yuxi, Yunnan 653100, China)

机构地区：[1]云南师范大学生命科学学院,生物能源持续开发利用教育部工程研究中心,云南省生物质能与环境生物技术重点实验室,昆明650500 [2]云南省烟草农业科学研究院,云南玉溪653100

出　　处：《西北植物学报》2017年第2期330-338,共9页Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局科技专项[110201101003(TS-03)];国家自然科学基金(31260064;31460059)

摘　　要：该试验通过人工气候室模拟相对低温(日均温16.5℃)、常温(日均温23.5℃)和相对高温(日均温30.5℃)3种日动态温度,研究了不同温度对烟草生长发育及光合作用的影响。结果表明:(1)与常温下生长的烟草相比,相对低温和高温处理均降低了烟株的株高、叶长和叶宽,在一定程度上抑制了烟草的生长。(2)相对低温和高温处理比常温处理下有较低的烟叶净光合速率(Pn)、胞间CO_2浓度(Ci)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、PSⅡ最大光化学量子效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学量子效率(ΦPSⅡ)、光化学猝灭系数(qp)、Rubisco羧化酶活性和相对较高的初始荧光强度(F0)。长期较高或较低的温度均会对烟草的生长发育产生抑制,这可能因其在一定程度上抑制了烟叶的光合机构活性并对反应中心造成了损伤,从而降低了烟草的光合作用,抑制了烟株的生长,长期日均温23.5℃有利于烟草的生长和光合作用。Tobacco(Nicotiana tabacumL.)plants were cultivated in phytotron set at relatively low temperature(daily average16.5℃),normal temperature(daily average23.5℃)and relatively high temperature(daily average30.5℃),and the effects of different temperature on growth,development and photosynthesis of tobacco plants were investigated.The results showed that:(1)Compared with the plants under normal temperature,the plants grown under the relatively higher and lower temperatures decreased the plant height,leaf length,width and showed an inhibiting effects on tobacco plants to some extent.(2)Plants under relative higher and lower temperature reduced the net photosynthetic rate(Pn),intercellular CO2concentration(Ci),stomatal conductance(Gs),transpiration rate(Tr),maximum quantum yield of PSⅡphotochemistry(Fv/Fm),quantum efficient of PSⅡ(ΦPSⅡ),photochemical quenching(qp),Rubisco activity,but increased the minimal fluorescence of darkadapted state(F0)of tobacco leaves.Tobacco plants grown under longterm relative higher and lower temperatures both inhibited the growth by partly damaging or inactiving the photosynthetic apparatus,and reduced the photosynthesis efficiency of tobacco plants to some extent.Longterm daily average temperature at23.5℃could be the optimal temperature for growth and photosynthesis of tobacco plants.

关 键 词：温度 烟草 生长发育 光合特性 

分 类 号：Q945.79[生物学—植物学]