城市居住小区常见树种的滞留颗粒物能力及绿地生态服务能力优化  

Particulate Matter Retention Ability of Different Tree Species and Optimization of Ecological Services of Green Cover in a Residential Area

作　　者：张桐[1] 洪秀玲[1] 刘玉军[1] ZHANG Tong;HONG Xiu-ling;LIU Yu-jun(College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学生物科学与技术学院,北京100083

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第3期296-303,共8页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项项目(201304301)

摘　　要：居住小区种植的散生林木能够较为有效地消减大气颗粒物,在改善居民生活环境方面具有一定意义。以重庆市主城区3个居住小区作为采样区域,运用水洗法对其中种植的20种散生树种滞留颗粒物的能力进行定量分级测定,并对供试树种的颗粒物滞留能力进行平均聚类分组,筛选出能够强效滞留颗粒物的树种。依据筛选结果,对宅旁绿地,道路绿地,公共绿地3种绿地类型的树种选择配置进行优化。结果表明:20种散生树种对于不同粒径颗粒物的滞留能力有很大差异,20种散生树种按照滞留颗粒物的能力分为5组:第1组为强效滞留颗粒物树种,共有10种,分别为石楠、栾树、三角梅、樟树、银杏、红花檵木、红叶石楠、海桐、八角金盘、枇杷;第2组为较强滞留颗粒物树种,共5种,分别为广玉兰、茶花杜鹃、鹅掌柴、榕树、黄葛树;第3组为中等强度滞留颗粒物树种,共2种,分别为木芙蓉和桂树;第4组为较弱滞留颗粒物树种,有2种,分别为小叶女贞和黄兰;第5组为弱滞留颗粒物树种,为罗汉松。本研究还提出针对3种绿地类型的模式图,为居住小区在绿地生态服务能力优化方面提供建议。Scattered trees are capable of absorbing atm ospheric particulate m atters and have realistic meaning on improvingcommunity environment.Three main districts in Chongqing were selected as sampling sites.A rin se-an d-w eig h method was usedto quantitatively classify the ability of capturing atm ospheric particulate m atters of the20types of scattered trees.According tothe result of classification and optimized mode patterns,the tree species selection in residential,urban road and public areagreen land was made.The result showed that there were enormous differences of ability of absorbing atm ospheric particulatem atters among different types of scattered trees.The20types of scattered trees were classified into5groups.In the first group,10species were included,and they had strong ability on capturing particular matters:Photinia serrulata,Koelreuteria paniculata,Bougainvillea glabra,Cinnamomum camphora,Ginkgo biloba,Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum Yieh,Photiniaxfraseri,Pittosporumtobira,Fatsia japonica,Eriobotrya japonica.In the second group,5species were included,and they had fairly strong ability oncapturing particulate matters:Magnolia grandiflora,Rhododendron camellUflorum,Schefflera octophylla,Ficus microcarpa,Ficusvirens.In the third group,2species were included,and they had medium ability on capturing particulate matters:Hibiscusmutabilis,Osmanthus fragrans.In the forth group,2species were included.And they had fairly week ability on capturingparticulate matters:Ligustrum quihoui,M ichelia champaca.Only one species was included in the fifth group,and it had weekability on capturing particulate matters:Podocarpus macrophyllus.Technical proposal about plant design technology of minifyingparticulate m atter pollution was given in this study.

关 键 词：居住小区 颗粒物 强效滞留颗粒物树种 绿化配置 生态系统服务 

分 类 号：S718.45[农业科学—林学]