柱状生物炭基肥成型机的设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of Columnar Biochar-based Fertilizer Forming Machine

作　　者：任奕林[1] 魏春辉[1] 苑晓辰 邓宇玄 彭春晖[1] 周广生[2] REN Yi-lin;WEI Chun-hui;YUAN Xiao-chen;DENG Yu-xuan;PENG Chun-hui;ZHOU Guang-sheng(College of Engineering,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China;College of Plant Science & Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]华中农业大学工学院,武汉430070 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第3期311-319,共9页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目(2014BAD11B03);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金项目(2014PY044)

摘　　要：生物炭基肥将生物炭和普通化肥有机地结合起来,具有化肥利用率高、可以改良土壤、减少化肥使用次数和数量、污染环境程度低等优点,已成为研究热点。针对当前生物炭基肥成型设备生产效率低、成型率低,生产出的成型颗粒抗压能力小、合格率不高的问题,研制了一种基于螺杆挤压成型原理的柱状生物炭基肥成型机,并确定了挤压装置、成型装置、切粒装置等零部件的主要结构参数。为探究机器运行参数对成型效果的影响,并选出最佳运行参数组合,安排了单因素试验和正交试验。单因素试验结果表明:合格率的大小与螺杆转速和切粒轴转速匹配程度好坏有关;螺杆转速、切粒轴转速、孔板开孔率的增大,均可使产量增加;切粒轴转速对硬度影响不大,螺杆转速和孔板开孔率的增大可使硬度减小。正交试验结果表明:对于合格率,螺杆转速与切粒轴转速的交互作用和切粒轴转速影响极显著,螺杆转速影响显著;对于产量,螺杆转速影响极显著,孔板开孔率和切粒轴转速影响显著;对于硬度,螺杆转速和孔板开孔率影响极显著。对试验结果进行极差分析,并采用综合平衡法,确定了成型试验的最佳参数组合:螺杆转速为45r·min^(-1),切粒轴转速为185r·min^(-1),孔板开孔率为10%。该条件下的合格率为86%、产量为32.27kg·h^(-1)、硬度为2.56kg。并以正交试验获得的最佳运行参数为试验条件,进行了成型机性能试验。性能试验结果表明:颗粒的成型率为96.2%,颗粒的密度为0.92g·cm-3,颗粒的含水率为1.61%。本文研制的柱状生物炭基肥成型机,与常用的生物炭基肥成型设备相比有优势,且成型性能好,生产的成型颗粒符合相关标准中的成型要求,可为生物炭基肥的成型设备和成型工艺的发展提供技术支持。B iochar-based fertilizer a product of organically combination of biochar with common fertilizer.It has the advantagesof high utilization rate of chem ical fertilizers,improvement of the soil,reduction of the usage frequency and amount of chem icalfertilizers,and low environm ental pollution.Biochar-b a se d fertilizer has become a research hotspot.Currently,biochar-b a sedfertilizer forming equipm ent has a low production efficiency and forming rate,and the particles produced by the m achine havelow resistance of pressure and qualified rate.For solving these problems,a colum nar b io ch ar-b ased fertilizer forming m achinebased on the principle of screw extrusion was developed.The m ain structural param eters of the extrusion device,forming device,cutting device and other parts were determ ined.In order to explore the im pact of the m achine operating param eters on theforming effect,and select the best operation param eter combination,single factor test and orthogonal test were carried out.Singlefactor test results showed that there was a close relationship between the qualified rate and the matching degree of screw speedand cutting speed of the pellet shaft.The yield increased with the increase of screw speed,cutting speed of the pellet shaft andopening ratio of the orifice plate.In addition,cutting speed of the pellet shaft had little effect on hardness,while hardness wasreduced with the increase of screw speed and opening ratio of the orifice plate.The orthogonal experim ent results showed thatfor the qualified rate,the influence of cutting speed of the pellet shaft and the interaction with screw speed were verysignificant.For the yield,the influence of screw speed was very significant,while opening ratio of the orifice plate and cuttingspeed of the pellet shaft were significant.For the hardness,the influence of screw speed and opening ratio of the orifice plate were very significant.Based on the range analysis and comprehensive balance method,the optimal param eter combination of theforming test was determ

关 键 词：螺杆挤压 成型 生物炭 生物炭基肥 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S216[农业科学—农业机械化工程]