上海市奉贤区主要大气污染物对人群呼吸系统急性健康效应的影响  

The acute respiratory effects of main air pollutants in Fengxian District of Shanghai

作　　者：秦萌[1] 陈英[1] 李敬芝[1] 顾品强 徐相明 QIN Meng;CHEN Ying;LI Jing-zhi;GU Pin-qiang;XU Xiang-ming(Fengxian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Shanghai 201499,China;Fengxian District Meteorological Bureau, Shanghai 201499, China)

机构地区：[1]上海市奉贤区疾病预防控制中心,上海201499 [2]上海市奉贤区气象局,上海201499

出　　处：《东南大学学报（医学版）》2017年第2期197-202,共6页Journal of Southeast University(Medical Science Edition)

基　　金：上海市气象局科技开发项目(MS201606)

摘　　要：目的:讨论灰霾天气和非灰霾天气中存在的主要大气污染物(PM10、SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5、CO、O3)的分布特征,以及其对人群呼吸系统急性健康效应的影响。方法:采用广义相加模型的统计方法,分析灰霾天气中主要大气污染物与呼吸系统疾病每日就诊人数变化的关系及呼吸系统疾病日死亡人数变化的关系。结果:2013~2015年,PM10、SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5、CO、O3(8 h)等6种主要大气污染物中,除了PM2.5年日均浓度水平略高于《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012)规定的浓度限值外,其余5种均低于《环境空气质量标准》(GB3095-2012);霾天气时,PM10、SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和CO的浓度与非霾天气时的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);PM10、SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5、O3浓度的升高均会在不同观察日时,导致我区医疗机构呼吸系统日门急诊量不同程度地增加;NO_2、PM2.5、CO、O3(8 h)浓度的升高,会导致我区居民呼吸系统疾病死亡不同程度地增加。结论:霾天气时,PM10、SO_2、NO_2、PM2.5和CO的浓度大于非灰霾天,灰霾天对人群呼吸系统急性健康效应的影响大于非灰霾天。Objective:To explore the distributing characteristics of main air pollutants(PM10,SO2,N〇2,PM2.5,CO,03)during haze days and non-haze days,as well as their acute respiratory effects.M models were used to analyze the associations of main air pollutants with daily hospital visits and mortality dueto respiratory diseases.R esu lts:From2013-2015,among criteria air p^lutants,only PM2.5were slightly beyondthe annual average limits of“National Ambient A ir Quality Standard”.The daily average S〇2,N〇2,PM2.5and CO were all significantly higher during haze days than those during non-haze days(P Y0.01).The increase in concentrations of PM10,S〇2,N〇2,PM2.5and03at various lags days were significantlyassociated with increased daily visits at outpatient department and at emergency department,and the increase inconcentrations of N〇2,PM2.5,C0,03were significantly associated witli increased mortality due to resj^iratory diseases.C on clu sion:The concentrations of PM10,S〇2,N〇2,PM2.5and CO were higher during haze days thanthose during non-haze days.A ir p^lutants during haze days have larger acute resr)iratory effects than during nonhazedays.

关 键 词：灰霾 广义相加模型 呼吸系统疾病 

分 类 号：R56[医药卫生—呼吸系统] X5[医药卫生—内科学]