秋季秸秆焚烧对京津冀地区霾污染过程的影响分析  

Effects on the haze pollution from autumn crop residue burning over the Jing-Jin-Ji Region

作　　者：程良晓[1,2] 范萌[2] 陈良富[2] 江涛[1] 苏林[2] CHENG Liang-Xiao;FAN Meng;CHEN Liang-Fu;JIANG Tao;SU Lin(College of Geomatics, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science, Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, China Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China)

机构地区：[1]山东科技大学测绘科学与工程学院,山东青岛266590 [2]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,遥感科学国家重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第8期2801-2812,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(41501373);北京市科技计划(Z161100001116013);中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所所长基金(Y5SJ0700CX)

摘　　要：以2016年10月份京津冀地区一次持续5d(10月12~16日)的严重污染过程为例,综合卫星数据、污染物地面监测站点数据、气溶胶地基观测数据以及气象数据,分析山东、河南、山西等周边地区的秸秆焚烧对京津冀霾天气的影响.研究表明,京津冀地区污染时期的CALIPSO(Cloud-Aerosols Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations,云-气溶胶激光雷达和红外探测卫星)气溶胶组分含有大量煤烟型气溶胶,AERONET(AEROsol robotic NETwork)Beijing站观测数据显示13日气溶胶体积数浓度谱呈现双峰分布,细粒子峰值半径为0.33μm,峰值体积浓度为0.145μm^3/μm^2.14日气溶胶谱基本呈现单峰分布,细粒子占主导地位,体积浓度达到0.34μm^3/μm2.污染物地面监测站点数据显示PM2.5、CO和SO_2浓度均显著增加,峰值浓度分别为339μg/m^3、2mg/m^3、20μg/m^3;CO、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)与秸秆焚烧火点数量之间的相关系数分别为0.65、0.79和0.68,说明本次污染与周边地区的秸秆焚烧的污染物传输有关.HYPLIST(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model,拉格朗日混合单粒子轨道模型)后向轨迹分析表明,14日到达京津冀地区的气团均经过秸秆焚烧地区,气团中会携带大量秸秆焚烧产生的污染气体和颗粒物,加重京津冀地区地区霾污染过程.此外,污染过程中地面风场较弱,以静小风为主,平均风速1m/s,不利于污染物扩散和稀释;底层大气湿度较大,平均相对湿度77.8%,高湿的大气环境促进了气溶胶吸湿增长和污染物聚集,导致污染加剧;大气稳定度高,对流运动较弱,稳定的大气条件不利于污染物扩散,使得污染过程延长.因此,本次重污染天气归因于自然和人为因素共同作用的结果,即人为秸秆焚烧导致的本地污染源排放和传输、机动车尾气等本地污染物、京津冀地区的静稳大气和近地面丰富的大气水汽共同作用的结果.Remote sensing data,ground monitoring data,meteorological data were used for analyzing effects on the haze pollution from autumn crop residue burning over the Jing-Jin-Ji region during the period from October12th to16th in2016.Results indicate that smoke aerosol was found in the atmosphere based on the CALIPSO aerosol subtype products,which means this heavy pollution process was related to the pollutant transmission from the crop residue burning in the surrounding regions.Measurements of AERONET(aerosol robotic network)Beijing site show that aerosol volume size distribution was characterized by bio-modal distribution on October13th,and the volume median radii and concentration of fine aerosol mode were0.33μm and0.145μm3/μm2,respectively.Meanwhile,aerosol volume size distribution was characterized by unimodal distribution on October14th,and the volume concentration of fine aerosol mode reached0.34μm3/μm2.According to the ground monitoring data,the concentrations of PM2.5,CO and SO2increased significantly,and the largest values were339μg/m3,2mg/m3and20μg/m3,respectively.Notably,correlation coefficients between the number of crop residue burning spots and CO、PM10、PM2.5reached0.65,0.79and0.68,respectively,which indicates that the crop residue burning impact the air quality significantly.The HYSPLIT(Hybrid Single Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model)backward trajectory model was used to simulate the pollutant transport.The backward trajectory results show that the air mass went through crop residue burning area,and then arrived in Jing-Jin-Ji region on14th October.The air mass carried large number of polluting gases and particulate matter,and aggravated the haze pollution.In addition,the weak surface wind field with average wind speed of1m/s,was not conducive to pollutant dispersion and dilution.The high humidity(mean value of77.8%)led the hygroscopic growth of aerosol in the air.The stability of the atmosphere is adverse to the pollutant diffusion,and prolongs the process of pollution.Therefore,

关 键 词：秸秆焚烧 霾 京津冀 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]