重金属钝化剂对蔬菜-土壤系统Cd和Pb的钝化效果研究  

Study on the Passivating Effects of Applying Heavy Metal Passivation Agents to Cd and Pb in Vegetable-soil System

作　　者：黄东风[1] 王利民[1] 李卫华[1] 邱孝煊[1] 罗涛[1] HUANG Dongfeng;WANG Limin;LI Weihua;QIU Xiaoxuan;LUO Tao(Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,福建福州350013

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第7期1242-1249,共8页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD05B01-05);福建省属公益类基本科研专项(2017R1022-1;2014R1022-7)

摘　　要：农产品重金属污染问题日益受到人们的关注。采用土培盆栽试验方法,以还原铁粉、硫磺、氢氧化钙等为主要原料,按一定的质量比例(1:0:0,Fe_1;15:1:0,Fe_2;3:0:10,Fe_3;15:1:50,Fe_4)制备成几种含铁复合重金属钝化剂,研究了施用几种含铁重金属钝化剂对蔬菜(小白菜Brassica campestris L.ssp.和空心菜Ipomoea aquatica Forsk)产量、蔬菜重金属Cd和Pb含量及其土壤重金属Cd和Pb形态含量的影响规律。结果表明:在污染土壤常规施用化肥处理(污染土PS+化肥CF)的基础上,添施几种含铁的重金属钝化剂处理(即PS+CF+Fe_1、PS+CF+Fe_2、PS+CF+Fe_3和PS+CF+Fe_4)均可在一定程度上提高蔬菜的生物产量、降低蔬菜重金属Cd和Pb含量,并提高蔬菜收获后土壤p H值、减少土壤有效态Cd和有效态Pb的含量。其中,PS+CF+Fe_4处理效果最佳,与对照(PS+CF)处理相比,提高了蔬菜生物产量48.54%,降低蔬菜重金属Cd含量51.15%~71.31%、Pb含量10.63%~68.68%,提高土壤p H值42.03%、减少土壤中有效态Cd含量18.01%、Pb含量41.04%;通过对蔬菜收获后土壤重金属Cd、Pb组分进行X射线衍射分析可知,PS+CF+Fe_4处理后土壤Cd、Pb主要以Cd_3(PO_3)_2、Pb(PO_2)_2、Pb_3O_2SO_4、CdCa_2(PO_4)_2等几种难溶性化合物形态存在,这进一步验证了该复合重金属钝化剂的钝化效果。因此,该含铁重金属钝化剂(Fe_4)对Cd、Pb污染农田土壤具有较好的推广应用前景。In recent years,more and more attention has been paid to the problem of heavy metal pollution of agricultural products.With zero-valent iron,sulfur and calcium hydroxide as the main raw materials,some kinds of compound heavy metal passivatingagents were made according to a certain weight proportion(1?0?0,Fe1;15?1?0,Fe2;3?0?10,Fe3;15?1?50,Fe4)of those materials.And a soil-pot trial was conducted to test effects of applying those kinds of heavy metal passivating agents on vegetable yield,contents of cadmium and plumbum in vegetable(including Brassica campestris L.ssp.and Ipomoea aquatica Forsk),and theavailable contents in soils.Results showed that,on the basis of“Pollution soil+chemical fertilizer”(i.e.,treatment of“PS+CF”),itwould increase vegetable’s yield,and decrease the contents of cadmium and plumbum of vegetable,enhance soil’s pH,but reduce theavailable contents of Cd and Pb in soils to a certain extent by applying those heavy metal passivating agents(i.e.,treatment of“PS+CF+Fe1”,“PS+CF+Fe2”,“PS+CF+Fe3”and“PS+CF+Fe4”).Among them,the effects of treatment“PS+CF+Fe4”wererelatively the best,it could increase vegetable’s yield by48.54%,decrease the contents of cadmium and plumbum in vegetable by51.15%~71.31%and10.63%~68.68%,respectively,and enhance soil’s pH by42.03%,but reduce the available contents of Cd andPb in soils by18.01%and41.04%,respectively.And X ray diffraction analysis showed that the mainly forms of Cd and Pb in soils oftreatment“PS+CF+Fe4”were Cd3(PO3)2,Pb(PO2)2,Pb3O2SO4,CdCa2(PO4)2and other insoluble forms,this is further evidence forthe passivation effect of the composite passivation agent.Consequently,this kind of heavy metal passivating agent(Fe4)has a goodapplication prospect in the field of soils,which were suffered from the contaminated by heavy metals Cd or Pb.

关 键 词：还原铁粉 重金属钝化剂 蔬菜-土壤系统 镉 铅 钝化 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]