乙烯利和激动素对玉米茎秆抗倒伏和产量的影响  

Effects of ethephon and kinetin on lodging-resistance and yield of maize

作　　者：刘文彬[1] 冯乃杰[1] 张盼盼[1] 李东[1] 张洪鹏[1] 何天明[1] 赵晶晶[1] 徐延辉[1] 王畅[1] LIU Wenbin;FENG Naijie;ZHANG Panpan;LI Dong;ZHANG Hongpeng;HE Tianming;ZHAO Jingjing;XU Yanhui;WANG Chang(College of Agronomy, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing 163319, China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学农学院,大庆163319

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第9期1326-1334,共9页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B04);黑龙江农垦总局科技攻关项目(HNK12A-06-03;HNK12A-09-02)资助~~

摘　　要：倒伏是影响玉米产量的主要原因之一,为了探明不同时期喷施不同生长调节剂对玉米抗倒伏性和产量的影响,选用玉米品种‘德美亚1号’和‘德美亚2号’为试验材料,在5、7、9展叶期分别喷施乙烯利(ETH)和激动素(KT),以喷施清水为对照,测定灌浆期基部茎秆形态、力学、化学组分及成熟后的倒伏率和产量。结果表明,与对照相比,‘德美亚1号’5展叶期喷施KT,节间直径显著增加21.11%,节间密度增加13.23%;与对照相比,‘德美亚2号’7展叶期喷施ETH,使基部节间总长度显著降低14.41%,节间直径显著增加10.70%,节间密度显著增加15.46%。‘德美亚1号’和‘德美亚2号’7展叶期喷施ETH,分别与对照相比,折断力显著增加26.04%和16.77%,穿刺强度显著增加22.77%和14.62%。‘德美亚2号’9展叶期喷施ETH,节间半纤维素、纤维素和木质素组成的化学组分总含量比对照显著增加25.49%。KT对两个品种茎秆力学影响表现不同,ETH对两个品种茎秆力学调控效果优于KT处理。两种调节剂处理均降低了两种玉米收获期的倒伏率。节间直径与折断力呈极显著正相关(r=0.905**),节间化学组分总含量和节间直径与倒伏率呈显著或极显著负相关。两个品种9展叶期喷施KT,产量比对照极显著增加22.24%和19.98%,喷施ETH对产量影响不显著。综上,KT于两个品种9展叶期喷施可显著增加产量,ETH于两个品种7展叶期喷施对抗倒伏性调控效果较好。Lodging is one of the major factors affecting yield of maize.To determine the effect of plant growth regulator application dates on lodging-resistance and yield of maize,the foliage of'Demeiya-1'and'Demeiya-2'were sprayed with400mg?L?1ethephon(ETH),10mg?L?1kinetin(KT)and fresh water(CK)at the5-,7-and9-leaf stages,respectively.Then stem morphology,mechanical indicators,chemical properties,lodging rates at filling stage and grain yield of maize were determined.The results showed that compared with CK,KT treatment at5-leaf stage increased internode diameter by21.11%and internode density by13.23%in'Demeiya-1'maize variety.Also ETH treatment at7-leaf stage reduced the total length of basalinternode by14.41%,but then increased internode diameter by10.70%and internode density by15.46%in'Demeiya-2'maize variety.ETH treatment at7-leaf stage increased the break strength of internode by26.04%and16.77%,and internode penetration strength by22.77%and14.62%respectively in'Demeiya-1'and'Demeiya-2'maize varieties.The contents of hemicellulose,cellulose and lignin in internode of'Demeiya-2'increased by25.49%under ETH treatment at9-leaf stage.The effect of ETH on mechanics of maize stalks regulation were better than that of KT,although the two plant growth regulators all reduced lodging rate of both maize cultivars.There was a highly significant positive correlation between internode diameter and break strength(r=0.905**),but significant or extremely significant negative correlation was noted between lodging rate and chemical compositions contents or internode diameter of internode.KT application at9-leaf stage significantly increased grain yield of'Demeiya-1'(22.24%)and'Demeiya-2'(19.98%),while ETH treatment had no significant effects on maize yield.Based on the results therefore,KT treatment at9-leaf stage significantly increased maize yield,but lodging-resistance under ETH treatment at7-leaf stage was better than that under KT.

关 键 词：乙烯利 激动素 玉米 茎秆形态 茎秆力学特性 抗倒性 产量 

分 类 号：S312[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]