华北平原农田生态系统服务评价及灌溉效益分析  

Evaluation of agro-ecosystem services and analysis of irrigation benefit in the North China Plain

作　　者：周淑梅[1,2] 武菁[3] 王国贞[1] ZHOU Shumei;WU Jing;WANG Guozhen(School of Management and Economics, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China;Center for Ecological Economy and Sustainable Development of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050018, China;School of Mechanical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, Shijiazhuang 050018, China)

机构地区：[1]河北科技大学经济管理学院,石家庄050018 [2]河北省生态经济可持续发展研究中心,石家庄050018 [3]河北科技大学机械工程学院,石家庄050018

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第9期1360-1370,共11页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：河北省社会科学基金项目(HB15YJ059)资助~~

摘　　要：农田生态系统为人类提供农产品等服务的同时,对生态环境也产生负面影响。本文基于千年生态系统评估(MA)框架,以华北平原典型高产农田区域——河北省石家庄市栾城区为研究对象,应用能值理论分析农田生态系统投入,从供给、调节和支持3方面分析农田生态系统正、负服务产出;应用分摊系数法求解农田灌溉净效益,计算能值指标并评价农田生态系统可持续发展状况。结果表明:研究期间栾城农田生态系统能值年均总投入(1.00×1012 sej·m^(-2))中,不可更新工业辅助能(6.81×1011 sej·m^(-2))与不可更新环境资源(灌溉用地下水,2.57×1011 sej·m^(-2))投入之和占总能值投入的90%以上,说明农田生态系统消耗了大量不可更新资源;农田提供的正服务(1.82×1012 sej·m^(-2))主要是农产品供给(1.07×1012 sej·m^(-2)),负服务(5.87×1011 sej·m^(-2))以温室气体排放(5.31×1011 sej·m^(-2))为主;考虑农田生态系统环境负效益,计算栾城农田灌溉效益分摊系数为0.32,灌溉净效益为3.94×1011 sej·m^(-2),灌溉效益偏低;栾城区能值可持续发展指标取值为0.10~0.18,属于典型的消费型农田生态系统,迫切需要探索出一条低能耗,高产出的真正意义上的高质量农田发展之路,实现农田生态系统健康可持续发展。Agro-ecosystem has become a hot research area in the field of ecology in recent years.One of the most important issues of agro-ecosystems is the strongly disturbance they have suffered from human activities.Agro-ecosystems not only provide critical services for human existence such as agricultural products,but could also have negative impacts on ecological environment which together comprise the negative services of agro-ecosystems.It is known that farmland irrigation is the main mode of groundwater depletion in the North China Plain.Although grain yields can be increased greatly under groundwater irrigation,over-exploitation of groundwater can lead to environmental problems including lowered underground water level.Therefore,it is essential to exactly measure the contribution of irrigation to agro-ecosystem production and to comprehen sively evaluate the sustainability of the development of agro-ecosystems in the North China Plain.Based on the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MEA)framework developed by the United Nations Environment Programme and taking the typically high-yield farmlands in Luancheng District of Hebei Province in the North China Plain as the study area,we used emergy theory to analyze agro-ecosystem inputs.The study also analyzed both the positive and negative services of the agro-ecosystems in the three categories of service provision,service regulation and service support using statistical input/output data of the agro-ecosystems in Luancheng for the period from1984to2008.Furthermore,irrigation efficiency was calculated by the sharing coefficient method and the development sustainability of agro-ecosystems was evaluated by the calculationand analysis of a series of emergy indicators.The results showed that annual emergy input of the agro-ecosystems in Luancheng was1.00×1012sej·m?2,over90%of which were non-renewable industrial auxiliary emergy(6.81×1011sej·m?2)and non-renewable environmental resource emergy(groundwater irrigation of2.57×1011sej·m?2).This indicated that agro-ecosystems cons

关 键 词：农田生态系统 能值分析 分摊系数 灌溉效益 生态系统服务 华北平原 

分 类 号：F323.2[经济管理—产业经济]