新型纳米棒药物载体的合成及性能研究进展  

Fabrication and properties of novel nanorods drug carriers

作　　者：李薇[1] 赵一凡[1] 曹媛媛[1] 胡平静 李祥子[1,2] LI Wei;ZHAO Yifan;CAO Yuanyuan;HU Pingjing;LI Xiangzi(The School of Pharmacy,Wannan Medical College,Wuhu 241002,Anhui,China;School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang 212013,Jiangsu,China)

机构地区：[1]皖南医学院药学院,安徽芜湖241002 [2]江苏大学化学与化工学院,江苏镇江212013

出　　处：《化工进展》2017年第9期3436-3446,共11页Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress

基　　金：安徽省高校自然科学基金重点项目(KJ2015A158);安徽省高校优秀青年人才支持计划重点项目(gxyq ZD2016169);中国博士后科学基金面上项目(2015M581731);江苏省博士后科研资助计划项目(1501066C);大学生创新创业计划项目(201610368119;201510368040;201510368121)

摘　　要：纳米棒拥有独特的结构、优良的性能和重要的生物医学应用价值,已逐步成为一类新型药物载体。本文介绍了近年来纳米棒作为药物载体的相关研究,分别对金纳米棒、羟磷灰石纳米棒、介孔硅纳米棒等典型药物载体的制备和应用进行了详细阐述,重点分析了金纳米棒、Au@SiO_2复合纳米棒、Au@C复合纳米棒以及中空金纳米棒等药物载体的一般合成工艺,简述了这些基于金纳米棒载体的表面修饰、功能化、负载及控释技术。随后对常见的纳米棒载体的药物控释性能进行了比较和评价,提出了3种常见的纳米棒载体缓释方式:一是载体直接分散缓释法,该法经济易行,但所需载体用量较大且易损失;二是透析袋式缓释法,该法所需载体用量较小、无需分离,但需购置半透膜;三是比色皿式缓释法,该法主要针对于光敏性载体。详细讨论了纳米棒载体的尺寸和体外细胞毒性,并对纳米棒载体的体内分布、免疫清除等体内代谢性能进行了介绍,最后对纳米棒载体的发展进行了展望,认为基于纳米棒的多刺激响应型异质载体、中空纳米棒载体和纳米管类载体可能是今后的研究热点。Nanorods with unique structure,excellent performance and important biomedical applications value,have gradually become a novel drug carrier.The paper discussed the recent research progresses in nanorods drug carriers,including fabrications and applications of some typical drug carriers,such as Au nanorods,hydroxyapatite(HAP)nanorods,and mesoporous silica(MSP)nanorods.The general synthesis process of drug carries(Au nanorods,Au@SiO2nanorods,Au@C nanorods,hollow Au nanorods)were primarily analyzed.The surface modification,functionalization,loading and controlled release of those carries based on Au nanorods were briefly discussed.The controlled-release properties of some familiar nanorods carriers were analyzed and compared.Three common release methods for nanorods carries were presented.Direct-release with the as-dispersed carries,is economical and practicable,but the required carrier dosage is large and easy to loss.The release method with dialysis bag requires the lower carrier dosage,does not need separation but needs to purchase dialysis bag.The third method,release in cuvette,is mostly used at photosensitive carriers.Furthermore,the size and in vitro cytotoxicity of nanorods carriers were discussed in detail,and their metabolism properties in vivo such as distribution and immune clearance were also introduced.Finally,the outlook on the development of nanorods carriers was presented.Future research on nanorods carries maybe focus on multiple stimuli-responsive heterogeneous carries based on nanorods,hollow nanorods carries and nanotube carries.

关 键 词：纳米棒载体 复合材料 纳米材料 分布 细胞毒性 

分 类 号：R318.08[医药卫生—生物医学工程] R914[医药卫生—基础医学]