主动型氢原子钟的研究进展  

Progresses in Researches of Active Hydrogen Atomic Clock

作　　者：何克亮[1,2] 张为群[1] 林传富[1] HE Ke-liang;ZHANG Wei-qun;LIN Chuan-fu(Time and Frequency Research Center, Shanghai Astronomical Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200030, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院上海天文台,时间频率技术研究室,上海200030 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《天文学进展》2017年第3期345-366,共22页Progress In Astronomy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1331105)

摘　　要：基于氢原子微波激射器(氢脉泽)的主动型氢原子钟(氢钟)拥有极好的中短期频率稳定度,而原子储存泡是氢脉泽的关键技术。位于微波谐振腔内的原子储存泡中的氢原子系综与电磁场相互作用。简述了氢原子系综与电磁场相互作用的动力学过程、氢脉泽和主动型氢原子钟的相位噪声,还介绍了原子储存、原子与原子的自旋交换碰撞、原子与泡壁的碰撞和磁场不均匀弛豫等主要弛豫过程。并概述了在腔频的自动调谐方法、双选态系统方面的发展和电离源、真空系统等技术方面的改进。最后,讨论了氢钟的发展前景。The active hydrogen atomic clock(H clock)based on hydrogen microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation(H maser)have excellent short-term and mid-term frequency stability.The atomic storage bulb is the key technology of H clock.The atomic ensemble interact with electromagnetic field in the storage bulb situated in the TE011resonant cavity.The dynamical processes,the phase noise of H maser and H clock,and relaxations including storage time,spin-exchange collision,atoms collisions with wall and inhomogeneous magnetic field are briefly described.The new cavity auto-tuning method and double state selection method for improving the frequency stability are introduced.The technology improvements such as vacuum system,ionization source are also introduced.Finally,some development prospects for H clock are proposed.

关 键 词：原子钟 氢微波激射器 原子储存泡 弛豫 频率稳定度 

分 类 号：TH714.1[机械工程—测试计量技术及仪器]