不同结瘤品种和行间距对套作大豆根瘤生长及物质积累与分配的影响  

Effects of different nodulation varieties and row spacings on nodule growth,dry matter accumulation and distribution of relay strip intercropping soybean

作　　者：庞婷[1] 帅鹏[1,2] 陈平[1] 杜青[1] 付智丹 杨文钰[1] 雍太文[1] PANG Ting;SHUAI Peng;CHEN Ping;DU Qing;FU Zhidan;YANG Wenyu;YONG Taiwen(College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University/Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 611130, China;Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in the Middle Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture/College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/四川省作物带状复合种植工程技术研究中心/农业部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]华中农业大学植物科学技术学院/农业部长江中游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,武汉430070

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（农业与生命科学版）》2017年第4期451-461,共11页Journal of Zhejiang University:Agriculture and Life Sciences

基　　金："十三五"国家重点研发计划"作物间套作资源协调过程与作物生理生态响应机制"(2016YFD030020205);国家自然科学基金面上项目"玉米/大豆套作调控根瘤固氮的生理生化机制研究"(31671625)

摘　　要：在玉米/大豆套作模式下,采用2因素随机区组设计,研究不同玉米/大豆间距(45、60、75 cm,依次记为IS45、IS60、IS75)和不同结瘤特性的大豆品种(弱结瘤:贡选1号;强结瘤:南豆25号)对大豆根瘤生长、干物质积累和分配的影响。结果表明:从三节期到盛花期,随着玉米/大豆间距的增大,大豆受玉米的荫蔽影响减小,根瘤数目和干质量增加;在始粒期大豆的根瘤数目和干质量达到最大值,表现为IS60>IS75>IS45;相较于弱结瘤品种,强结瘤品种的根瘤数目较少,根瘤干质量较大。从三节期到盛花期,大豆干物质积累总量随玉米/大豆间距的缩小而减少,主要分配在茎秆和叶片;强结瘤品种茎秆和叶片的干物质积累量及干物质积累总量小于弱结瘤品种。从始粒期到成熟期,大豆干物质积累总量迅速增加,茎秆和叶片的分配率降低,荚果的分配率增大,强结瘤品种在成熟期玉米/大豆间距为60 cm时达到最大值。强结瘤品种各营养器官的输出率和贡献率较高,其平均产量比弱结瘤品种高2.94%,IS60处理的平均产量分别比IS45和IS75高9.77%和2.67%。相对于弱结瘤品种,强结瘤品种产量的提高主要通过提高单荚粒数和百粒质量来实现。Soybean is an important grain and oil crop in China.However,with the decrease of economic benefits and cultivated area,it depends on imports heavily due to the unbalanced supply and demand.Intercropping systems are widely used because they can increase crop yield,nutrient use efficiency,and land productivity.In particular,legume/crop intercropping systems can increase nitrogen fixation,reduce nitrogen input,enhance nitrogen use efficiency,and thereby increase crop yield.Maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system is the major planting pattern in the southwest of China,which can increase soybean yield and land output.The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of different interspecific spacings of maize/soybean intercropping on biomass,dry matter allocation and yield of soybean with different nodulation characteristics,and make a progress for the research of yield and nutrient utilization in maize/soybean relay strip intercropping system.

关 键 词：玉米/大豆套作 行间距 根瘤 干物质 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]