从进口动物检疫角度推进奶业供给侧结构性改革  

Promoting Supply Side Structural Reform of the Dairy Industry by Strengthening Quarantine towards Imported Animals

作　　者：窦树龙[1] 季新成[1] 康伟[2] 王永刚[3] 仇松寅[4] 纪帆[5] 徐刚[6] 罗添添 于恒智 刘亚峰[9] Dou Shulong;Ji Xincheng;Kang Wei;Wang Yonggang;Qiu Songyan;Ji Fan;Xu Gang;Luo Tiantian;Yu Hengzhi;Liu Yafeng(Administration of Quality Supervision,Inspection and Quarantine of the PRC,Beijing　100088;Guangzhou Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau, Guangzhou,Guangdong　510623;Shenyang Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Shenyang,Liaoning　110016;Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing 100000;Shenzhen Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Shenzhen,Guangdong　518000;Chongqing Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Chongqing　404100;Guangxi Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Chongqing　404100;Jingzhou Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau,Jingzhou,Liaoning　121000;Tianjin Entry-exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau ,Tianjin　121000)

机构地区：[1]国家质量监督检验检疫总局,北京100088 [2]广州出入境检验检疫局,广东广州510623 [3]沈阳出入境检验检疫局,辽宁沈阳110016 [4]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100000 [5]深圳出入境检验检疫局,广东深圳518000 [6]重庆出入境检验检疫局,重庆404100 [7]广西出入境检验检疫局,广西南宁530000 [8]锦州出入境检验检疫局,辽宁锦州121000 [9]天津出入境检验检疫局,天津300000

出　　处：《中国动物检疫》2017年第9期41-45,共5页China Animal Health Inspection

摘　　要：随着我奶业结构调整和产业升级,对进口优质奶牛和牛遗传物质的需求旺盛,从畜牧业发达国家进口奶牛数量显著增加。我国年均进口奶牛约17万头,澳大利亚、新西兰是主要进口活牛来源国。2014—2016年,共检疫进口奶牛535 367头,淘汰不合格奶牛138 660头,淘汰率为25.9%。澳大利亚、新西兰作为传统畜牧业发达国家,动物疫病防控水平优良,国家兽医体系完善,奶牛品质优秀;智利作为扩种引源新开设的引种目的国,整体情况良好;乌拉圭的国家动物防疫体系有待提高。牛的遗传物质进口近年来稳中有升,美国、加拿大是主要进口目的国。建议通过扩种引源提升进口企业议价空间,改良和扩充我国奶牛种群基因库;通过原产地预检工作,确保进境奶牛的健康和品质;对进口动物检疫制度进行优化,合理配置检疫资源,提升检疫效率,在风险可控的情况下促进畜牧业贸易便利;通过简政放权和释放政策红利的方式为企业减负。With the restructuring and upgrading of the dairy industry,the demands for importing high-quality dairy cattle and cattle genetic materials become increasingly strong,and a great number of dairy cows were imported from countries with developed animal husbandry.According to the statistics,the annual average number of imported dairy cattle into China is about170thousand,which were mainly from Australia and New Zealand.During2014to2016,among the535367imported dairy cows treated with inspection and quarantine,138660were eliminated,with an elimination rate of25.9%.Thanks to the developed traditional animal husbandry,Australia and New Zealand have the advantages of excellent practices in the prevention and control for animal diseases,complete national veterinary system and outstanding quality of dairy cows.In addition,as a country which was newly designated for introducing breeding cattle,Chile showed a good situation in overall,while the animal disease prevention system of Uruguay needed to be further improved.The import volume of genetic materials of cattle showed steady growth in recent years,which mainly come from United States and Canada.In view of the analysis,some recommendations were put forward:improving and enriching the genetic pool of breeding dairy cows by expanding import sources and broadening the bargaining space;ensuing the health and quality of imported cows by pre-quarantine at the place of origin;optimizing the inspection and quarantine system for such animals;reasonably allocating the inspection and quarantine resources,enhancing quarantine efficiency,facilitating the trading of animal husbandry in case the risk is controllable;alleviating the burden on enterprises by streamlining administration and delegating power to the lower levels and releasing dividends of policy.

关 键 词：供给侧改革 进口奶牛 动物检疫 奶业 

分 类 号：S851.34[农业科学—预防兽医学]