聚氨酯纤维的紫外老化特性及分析  

Characteristics and Analysis of UV Aging of Polyurethane

作　　者：游革新[1] 蔡斯迪 周序霖 杨波[2] 周秀文[2] You Gexin;Cai Sidi;Zhou Xulin;Yang Bo;Zhou Xiuwen(School of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China;China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang 621000, China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学机械与汽车工程学院,广州510640 [2]中国工程物理研究院,四川绵阳621000

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2017年第9期93-98,共6页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与中国工程物理研究院联合基金项目(U1430107)

摘　　要：为了考察聚醚型聚氨酯纤维的紫外老化特性,通过扫描电镜观察、黏数测定、红外光谱、小角X射线散射、动态热力学性能测试和拉伸性能测试对纤维在人工加速紫外老化条件下的表面形貌、化学结构、有序微区结构及力学性能的变化进行了表征。结果表明,在试验设置的紫外老化条件下,聚氨酯纤维在老化初期过程表面形貌无明显变化,后期出现明显刻蚀作用,黏数在老化过程中有一定程度的下降,纤维分子C—N键和少量C—O键发生断裂,硬段结构中氢键化程度先增大后减小,老化初期分子键断裂,提高链流动性,促使纤维分子形成有序微区,老化过程中纤维有序微区结构尺寸先增大后减小,玻璃化转变温度呈先上升后下降的趋势,断裂强力和断裂伸长率随着老化时间的增加而下降。研究结果为制备环境适应性强的聚氨酯纤维提供基础数据。In order to investigate the UV aging characteristics of polyether type polyurethane fiber,the surface morphology,chemical structure,ordered micro-structure and mechanical properties of UV aging fibers were characterized by SEM,viscositymeasurement,FTIR,small angle X-ray scattering,DMA and tensile test.The results show that there is no obvious change in thesurface morphology of the polyurethane fiber during the initial aging process,and the etching rate of the polyurethane fiber in theprocess of aging is obvious.The viscosity number of the polyurethane fiber in the aging process is decreased to a certain extent,C-N and a little of C-O break,the degree of hydrogen bonding in the hard segment structure increases first and then decreases,and the molecular bond breaks at the initial stage of aging,and the flowability of the chain is improved,and the fiber molecules areformed into ordered micro-regions.The glass transition temperature increases first and then decreases,and the breaking strength andelongation at break decrease with the increase of aging time.The results provide basic data for the preparation of environmentallyfriendly polyurethane fibers.

关 键 词：聚氨酯纤维 紫外老化 微观结构 力学性能 

分 类 号：TQ317.6[化学工程—高聚物工业]