公交车燃用不同比例生物柴油的颗粒物组分特性研究  

Particulates composition characteristics from a bus fueled with different proportions of biodiesel

作　　者：楼狄明[1] 耿小雨 谭丕强[1] 胡志远[1] 孙瑜泽 LOU Di-ming;GENG Xiao-yu;TAN Pi-qiang;HU Zhi-yuan;SUN Yu-ze(School of Automotive Studies, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China)

机构地区：[1]同济大学汽车学院,上海201804

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第9期3285-3291,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：上海科委课题(16DZ1203000)

摘　　要：以一辆国III柴油公交车为试验样车,在重型底盘测功机上运行中国典型城市公交车循环(CCBC),分析了该车分别燃用不同体积分数的生物柴油混合燃料的颗粒物组分排放特性.结果表明:颗粒物测得的可溶性有机组分(SOF)主要是脂肪酸和直链烷烃,藿烷和PAHs占比低于7%.生物柴油对各组分影响较大,随着生物柴油掺混比例增加,颗粒物EC减小而OC/EC增加,SOF总量也增加.其中脂肪酸的C18:2和C18:1明显增加,C12:0和C14下降,直链烷烃总量和藿烷各组分均下降;PAHs的质量集中在三,四环的中小分子量,毒性集中在四环及以上的中高分子量.使用生物柴油后,PAHs总量下降,其中Pyr,FL和PA下降较明显,而总PAHs毒性无明显变化.Based on a diesel bus certified to China IIIemission standards,thecomposition of particulates emission withdifferent proportions of biodiesel was investigated during China city bus cycle(CCBC)on a heavy chassis dynamometer.The results show that soluble organic fraction(SOF)was mainly consists of fatty acid and N-alkanes,while Hopanes andPAHs account for less than7%.Biodiesel has a significant impact on the compositions,with the proportion of biodieselgoing up,EC decreased while OC/EC and SOF increased,C18:2and C18:1of fatty acids increased apparently whileC12:0and C14decreased,N-alkanes and Hopanes components also decreased.The mass of PAHs is concentrated inmedium and small molecular with3or4Benzene rings,while the toxicity of PAHs concentrated in medium and highmolecular with more than4Benzene rings.When using biodiesel,the mass of PAHs decreased apparently,especially Pyr,FL and PA,while the toxicity changedlittle.

关 键 词：生物柴油 颗粒物组分 中国典型城市公交车循环 可溶性有机物 PAHs毒性 

分 类 号：X51[环境科学与工程—环境工程]