基于三维电子沙盘的参与式乡村历史景观评估:以贵州省对门山村为例  

Participatory evaluation of rural historic landscape based on the 3D e-Sandbox:A case study in Duimenshan Village in Guizhou Province

作　　者：张晓彤[1,2,3] 段进明 宇林军 鲁永飞 王晓军 ZHANG Xiaotong;DUAN Jinming;YU Linjun;LU Yongfei;WANG Xiaojun(School of Architecture, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China;National Engineering Research Center for Housing and Residential Environment, Beijing 100044, China;School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China;Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China;College of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China)

机构地区：[1]天津大学建筑学院,天津300072 [2]国家住宅与居住环境工程技术研究中心,北京100044 [3]北京建筑大学建筑与城市规划学院,北京100044 [4]中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所,北京100094 [5]山西大学环境与资源学院,太原030006

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第10期1403-1412,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401208);中国科学院遥感与数字地球研究所所长青年基金项目(Y5SJ1100CX);国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAJ02B01)资助~~

摘　　要：梳理乡村历史景观的变化规律可以为乡村可持续发展提供决策治理依据和路径。如何利用被当地村民更容易接受的方式挖掘其景观记忆和乡土知识,复原其乡村历史景观,并对其进行整体评估,至今存在研究方法和支撑手段的难点。本文以贵州省贞丰县对门山村为例,利用自主研发的三维电子沙盘工具,结合参与式乡村评估技术,由当地村民自主复原了1958年、1980年、1995年和2015年4个时期的历史景观。使用三维电子沙盘的分析工具对复原的历史景观进行土地利用、生态服务价值和景观格局指标的分析。结果显示:不同时期历史景观客观评估数据的变化与本村导致景观变化的重要历史事件具有极强的关联性:虽然1980年分田到户,但由于当地条件限制,村民的生产生活方式并没有结构性变化,也使得村庄的景观没有明显变化。而1995年开始大范围种植烟草后,对门山村水田比例快速下降,现阶段基本和旱地比例持平。这也直接导致水田(湿地的一种类型)作为生态服务价值重要贡献者数量减少,整个范围生态服务价值下降明显。此外,由于近20年来,各类公共管理与服务设施的快速增加和均匀分布,使得景观多样性呈显著增长。可以认为,三维电子沙盘在本次对乡村历史景观调查中首次获得了较好的应用,通过有效的技术手段解决了以往规划者与当地村民信息交流和沟通过程不畅的技术问题。Understanding the trend in historical rural landscape evolution could support decision-making and governance forsustainable rural development.Local villagers are the necessary source of knowledge on the changes in historical rural landscape,they can play an extremely important role in the restoration of rural landscapes.However,the platform for intuitivelyand interactively supporting various stakeholders in participating in the restoration of historical rural landscapes is still short.The objective of this study was to excavate the landscape memory and local knowledge,and then to restore and evaluate therural historical landscape changes using more acceptable way for local villagers.This paper took Duimengshan Village,ZhenfengCounty of Guizhou Province as the case study.The landscapes were analyzed in four historical periods(1958,1980,1995and2015)for restoration using the3D e-Sandbox tool and participatory rural appraisal.The results showed that local villagerscould easily participate in landscape restoration processes using the3D e-Sandbox tool.Although the land was divided intohouseholds from1980,the production and lifestyle of the villagers had no structural changes due to the local conditions,leadingto insignificantly landscape changes.However,the proportion of paddy fields in Duimenshan Village decreased rapidlysince the introduction of large-scale tobacco cultivation in1995.This also directly led to the ecological services value decreasedsignificantly as the paddy field(a type of wetland)as an important contributor to the value of ecological services.Moreover,because of the rapidly increase and uniform distribution of public service facilities in the past20years,the landscapediversity had increased significantly.It was concluded that the3D e-Sandbox could solve technical problems in participatoryrural historic landscape restoration like the poor communications between planner and local people.

关 键 词：参与式 乡村历史景观 景观复原 三维电子沙盘 乡村规划和景观设计 

分 类 号：K901.9[历史地理—人文地理学]