水分亏缺对不同小麦品种矿质元素吸收分布及水分利用的影响  

Effect of water deficit on mineral element absorption,distribution and water utilization by different wheat varieties

作　　者：李东晓[1] 王红光[1] 张迪[1] 赵国英[1] 李浩然[1] 贾彬[1] 李雁鸣[1] 李瑞奇[1] LI Dongxiao;WANG Hongguang;ZHANG Di;ZHAO Guoying;LI Haoran;JIA Bin;LI Yanming;LI Ruiqi(Hebei Agricultural University / Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation in Hebei Province, Baoding 071001, China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学/河北省作物生长调控实验室,保定071001

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第10期1475-1484,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-03-05);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0300909)资助

摘　　要：在限制小麦灌溉面积的大背景下,为进一步稳产促优,本文探讨了华北地区水分亏缺对不同小麦品种矿质元素吸收、分布特性及其与植株水分利用和产量的关系。选用3个生态类型冬小麦品种(抗旱品种‘沧麦6001’、丰水高产品种‘邯麦9’和多抗超高产品种‘济麦22’),设置正常和水分亏缺两个水平的人工气候室箱体栽培试验,主要调查了小麦不同器官矿质元素含量、积累量变化、分配比以及矿质元素变化对水分利用效率和产量的影响。结果表明,矿质元素的含量和分配具有器官特异性,其中小麦叶片Ca、籽粒Cu和Zn、茎秆Na的含量、分配比最高;Fe含量、积累量及Fe分配比因品种、器官、水分差异而不同:正常水分下,‘沧麦6001’以茎秆、‘邯麦9’以叶片的Fe含量、分配比最高;‘济麦22’以茎秆和颖壳Fe含量较高,以叶片和颖壳Fe分配比较高。而水分亏缺下,‘沧麦6001’和‘邯麦9’Fe含量以籽粒最高,‘济麦22’以叶片最高;3品种Fe分配比均以籽粒最高。此外,水分亏缺增加了小麦籽粒Cu、Zn含量及分配比,籽粒Zn、Na和Ca积累量,显著增加‘沧麦6001’的水分利用效率和产量以及‘济麦22’的产量水分利用效率;而降低了‘沧麦6001’籽粒Mn、‘邯麦9’籽粒Cu和Mn、‘济麦22’籽粒Cu和Fe积累量以及‘邯麦9’水分利用效率、干物重、产量。综上,水分亏缺下,‘沧麦6001’更易高产高效,籽粒Fe含量增加,但需补充一定的Mn元素;‘济麦22’的水分利用效率增加,产量未显著下降,需补充一定Fe元素保证品质;‘邯麦9’产量和水分利用效率均显著下降,且籽粒中Cu和Mn积累下降明显。相关分析表明,Cu、Zn、Ca、Mn含量与干物重变化之间存在一定的相互调节作用,但未直接影响产量和水分利用效率,这可能与品种间差异及品种和水分互作影响有关。但矿质元素可能通过影响干物重间接调�In the context of limiting the area of wheat irrigation,it is necessary for promoting resources use efficiencies,increasingyield and improving quality of wheat to explore nutrients absorption and utilization,and water use efficiency of wheatunder water deficit condition.Pot experiments were conducted in phytotrons with three wheat varieties under two water conditions(normal and drought).The three wheat varieties included‘Cangmai-6001’(drought resistant),‘Hanmai-9’(wet andhigh yield)and‘Jimai-22’(multi-resistance and super high yield).The content,accumulation and distribution of mineral elementsin different organs of the plants were measured.Also the relationship between these indexes with water use efficiencyand yield analyzed.The results showed that the contents and accumulation of mineral elements were specific to different plantorgans.The highest content and distribution ratio of Ca were observed in leaf,those of Cu and Zn were in grain,Na was instem.Fe accumulated in different organs of the plant was influenced by water and plant variety.Under normal water condition,the highest Fe content and distribution ratio were in the stem of‘Cangmai-6001’,which was the same for the leaf for‘Hanmai-9’.The Fe content in stem and glume and Fe distribution ratio in leaf and glume were higher than in other organs of‘Jimai-22’.Under water deficit condition,Fe content was highest in grain for‘Cangmai-6001’and‘Hanmai-9’,but it washighest in leaf for‘Jimai-22’.For all the investigated varieties,the highest Fe distribution was in grain.Water deficit increasedwith the distribution of Cu and Zn,accumulation of Zn,Na and Ca in grain,water use efficiency and yield for‘Cangmai-6001’,and with WUEyield for‘Jimai-22’.However,water deficit decreased with the accumulation of Mn in the grain of‘Cangmai-6001’,Cu and Mn in grain of‘Hanmai-9’,Cu and Fe accumulation in‘Jimai-22’grain,water use efficiency,yieldand dry matter weight of‘Hanmai-9’.Above all,‘Cangmai-6001’was more benef

关 键 词：小麦 生态类型 水分亏缺 矿质元素 产量 器官分配比 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]