喀斯特与非喀斯特地区参考作物蒸散量时空变化分析——以广西壮族自治区为例  

Spatio-temporal variation in reference evapotranspiration in recent 50 years in karst and non-karst areas in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region

作　　者：吴丽萍[1,2,3] 陈洪松 连晋姣[1,2] 付智勇 王升[1,2] WU Liping;CHEN Hongsong;LIAN Jinjiao;FU Zhiyong;WANG Sheng(Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences / Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Regions, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha 410125, China;Huanjiang Observation and Research Station for Karst Ecosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Huanjiang 547100, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049, China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所/中国科学院亚热带农业生态过程重点实验室,长沙410125 [2]中国科学院环江喀斯特生态系统观测研究站,环江547100 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2017年第10期1508-1517,共10页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2015CB452703);国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0502403);国家自然科学基金项目(41671287)资助~~

摘　　要：参考作物蒸散量(ET_0)是确定植被生态系统需水量的关键因子,其时空分布特征及主要影响因素分析对于制定植被恢复策略与区域水资源配置方案具有重要意义。本文基于FAO-56 Penman-Monteith公式和广西地区25个气象站点1960—2010年的逐日资料,计算了各站点的ET_0,在此基础上采用GIS的克里金插值、Spearman秩次相关法和通径分析方法分析了广西喀斯特与非喀斯特地区ET_0的时空变化特征及其影响因子。结果表明,51年来广西各站点多年平均ET_0为1 138 mm×a^(-1);空间分布呈由南向北、由低纬度向高纬度递减的特征,高值区主要分布在非喀斯特地区,低值区主要分布在喀斯特地区。喀斯特与非喀斯特地区年ET_0累积距平曲线均呈"N"型分布;20世纪70年代最高,90年代最低,21世纪以来年ET_0有所回升,但仍低于51年平均值。此外,喀斯特地区ET_0年际变化小于非喀斯特地区。日照时数、风速和平均温度是影响非喀斯特地区年ET_0变化的主要气象因子,而相对湿度则通过与其他气象因子的相互作用间接对喀斯特地区年ET_0的变化产生较大影响。在季节尺度上,日照时数和平均气温在各季节都是ET_0最主要的影响因子,与ET_0呈正相关关系;风速在喀斯特地区冬、春两季对ET_0的间接作用系数为负,在非喀斯特地区并未发现这一现象。了解不同地区ET_0的变化趋势是植被生态需水定额计算的必要措施。Reference evapotranspiration(ET0)is the water requirement of plants driven by meteorological factors.It is critical for restoration of vegetation and regional water resources management.In Southwest China where karst landforms are common,the ecological environment is fragile.Extreme drought and flood events are usually caused by declining annual precipitationand large amounts of precipitation within short time periods.The response of ET0to global climate change is a key in the assessmentof the effect of climate change on hydrology.Therefore,it was important to explore the spatial and temporal variationsand the related driving factors of ET0.Based on data collected from25meteorological stations in Guangxi for the1960–2010,daily ET0was computed using the FAO-56Penman-Monteith equation.The spatio-temporal variations and thedriving factors of ET0in Guangxi karst and non-karst areas were analyzed separately using Kriging interpolations,cumulativeanomalies and spearman rank correlation at seasonal and annual scales.The driving factors of ET0in karst and non-karst areaswere analyzed using the path-analysis method.Results showed that ET0decreased gradually from southeast to northwest of thestudy area,with an average rate of1138mm?a?1during the studied period.High ET0was mainly distributed in non-karst areasand low ET0in karst areas.For different seasons,ET0values from stations in non-karst areas were generally higher than thosefrom stations in karst areas.Mean monthly ET0in both karst areas and non-karst areas tracked a unimodal curve,with relativelyhigh ET0for the period from May to September.Non-karst areas had higher ET0variations than karst areas.The averagemonthly ET0in non-karst areas was95mm and that in karst areas64mm.Summer ET0was highest and winter ET0lowest.Inthe recent51years,annual ET0for both karst and non-karst areas tracked N-shaped distribution,and were the highest in the1970s and lowest in the1990s with an increasing trend for period2002–2010.The trends of variation in annual ET0in Guangxiwere also

关 键 词：参考作物蒸散量 PENMAN-MONTEITH公式 喀斯特地区 非喀斯特地区 气象因素 通径分析 

分 类 号：S161.4[农业科学—农业气象学]