再论无机生油假说及中国找油前景  

A further discussion on the abiogenetic petroleum origin hypothesis and the prospect of oil prospecting in China

作　　者：袁学诚[1] 林隆栋[2] 许乐红[3] YUAN Xuecheng;LIN Longdong;XU Lehong(Reaserch and Development Center, China Geological Survey, Beijing 100037, China;Xinjiang Oilfield Branch, China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC), Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China;Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Science, Beijing 100037, China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]中国石油新疆油田分公司,新疆克拉玛依834000 [3]中国地质科学院地质研究所,北京100037

出　　处：《中国地质》2017年第3期473-484,共12页Geology in China

基　　金：中国地质调查局"主要地质单元区域地质调查与片区总结"(1212011120115)项目资助成果~~

摘　　要：新中国成立后石油勘探的第一个成功范例是1958年大庆油田的发现和开发。相应的概念上的创新是颠覆了只有海相地层才能找到大油田,确立陆相地层中同样可以找到大油田。普查勘探方法上的革新是采用了先进的地球物理方法开展战略性大面积普查,不再局限于几个地表有油苗的山前盆地进行工作。寻找石油资源急需开辟一个新的领域。其特点是普查勘探的对象不局限于地壳,还要拓宽到研究岩石圈。思想上的创新是要摒弃海相生油和陆相生油等陈旧生油理论,确立地幔生油的新思维。根据物理学热力学理论,甲烷是唯一一种在标准温压条件下稳定的碳氢化合物,直链烷属烃只有在压力>3 MPa温度>700°C时(相当于地下深度约100 km)才有可能形成。因此,海相生油理论和陆相生油理论都不靠谱,在地表赋存的不论是海相地层还是陆相地层内都不能生油,油气是地幔内(软流圈)无机生成,然后运移到海相盆地或陆相盆地中聚集成藏的。海相油田或陆相油田是储存的条件不同,但不是生成油田的机制不同。地球物理对寻找幔内生油区有独特的作用,许多石油地质学家认为,地球物理揭示的岩石圈内的低速低阻层与深藏油层有密切的关联。并且我们发现,在已开发的油田下方往往有软流圈物质的积聚。这些软流圈物质常常富有强烈的活动性,它们可以穿透覆盖在它们上面的地幔物质来到壳幔边界,在地幔中形成一个蘑菇云状的构造。这为开辟找石油的深层源头找到了捷径。根据中国地震层析资料探测得到的地幔内存在的低速带,以及区域地质背景条件,笔者提出中国3片找油最有远景的地区,即东亚西太平洋裂谷区、东特提斯地幔隆升区以及新疆深断裂分布地区:(1)东亚西太平洋低速带是在中新生代时,东亚大陆边缘岩石圈裂变所形成。它包括深浅、范围、形态各不相�The first successful case for exploration oil in New China was the discovery of the Daqing oil field in1958.Thediscovery of the Daqing oil field subverted the concept that oil can only be formed in marine strata,and proved that oil field couldalso be formed in continental strata.Besides,in the exploration of Daqing oil field advanced geophysical methods were adopted tocarry out strategic regional investigation,and the geophysical work was no longer confined to front basins with oil seepage.In the upcoming oil exploration,we should create a common perspective that oil is generated in the mantle,and hence thework should expand to the whole lithosphere.According to thermodynamics,methane is the sole hydrocarbon which can be stably living under the standard temperature andpressure condition;straight-chain alkanes hydrocarbons can be formed only under the condition pressure>30kbar andtemperature>700°C(corresponding to a depth about100km).Therefore,both marine oil generation theory or terrestrial oilgeneration theory cannot hold the water.In fact,oil is generated in the mantle,and then migrate to marine basins or terrestrial basinsfor accumulation of petroleum.

关 键 词：石油普查 无机生油 无机生油远景地区 

分 类 号：P618.13[天文地球—矿床学]