海水青鳉胚胎发育的观察  

Observation of embryonic development of marine medaka Oryzias melastigma

作　　者：王友红[1] 刘洪军 于道德 李玉全[1] 官曙光 刘莹 WANG You-hong;LIU Hong-jun;YU Dao-de;LI Yu-quan;GUAN Shu-guang;LIU Ying(Qingdao Agricultural University, College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Qingdao 266109, China;Marine Biology Institute of Shandong Province, Qingdao 266104, China)

机构地区：[1]青岛农业大学海洋科学与工程学院,山东青岛266109 [2]山东省海洋生物研究院,山东青岛266104

出　　处：《海洋科学》2017年第6期18-25,共8页Marine Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101916);山东省农业良种工程项目(2014-2016);山东半岛近岸海域生态模拟实验研究项目~~

摘　　要：为了解模式生物种海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma)的胚胎发育特征,作者培育30日龄的海水青鳉,收集自然受精卵,在水温26~28℃、盐度27~28条件下,静水孵化。利用奥林巴斯SZ61解剖镜对海水青鳉胚胎发育进行了观察研究。结果表明:海水青鳉受精卵为圆球形端黄卵,多油球,沉性,卵膜上具有绒毛膜和纤维丝。和多数硬骨相似,胚胎发育的过程大致可以分为7个期:胚盘形成期、细胞分裂期、囊胚期、原肠期、器官形成期、肌肉效应期和孵化期。并发现海水青鳉胚胎发育有其特征:早期分裂具有不规则现象;仔鱼以尾部破膜先出的方式孵化;柯氏囊出现在原口关闭前,少数个体具有两个柯氏囊。This study aims to observe the embryonic development characteristics of marine medaka.As a promisingmodel,Oryzias melastigma was cultivated30days after hatching as broodstock and naturally fertilized eggs werecollected.The fertilized eggs were incubated in filtered sea water at26–28℃and at32–33salinity without ventilation.The ontogenetic embryos of O.melastigma were observed using an Olympus SZ-61microscope.The totaldevelopment time of every stage was noted and calculated;characteristic images were taken using a digital camera.The results show that the fertilized eggs were globular,multiple oil globules,or demersal.The outermost structureof the egg was covered with a number of short villi and long attaching filaments.The embryonic development includesvarious stages such as the blastodisc,cleavage,blastula,gastrula,neurula,organogenesis,tail bud,heartbeating,and hatching.Significant differences between O.melastigma were observed,which are as follows:(1)Irregularblastomeres occurred in early cleavage;(2)The way of hatching was tail-first escaping from the chorion;(3)TwoKupffer,s vesicles appeared in some embryos.

关 键 词：海水青鳉(Oryzias melastigma) 胚胎发育 柯氏囊 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学] Q959.471[生物学—动物学]