番茄根系对控释氮素的响应及其理想构型  

Response of Tomato Root System to Controlled Release Nitrogen and Its Ideal Type Construction

作　　者：杨俊刚[1,2] 廖上强 孙焱鑫[1,2] 李艳梅 邹国元[1,2] YANG Jun-gang;LIAO Shang-qiang;SUN Yan-xin;LI Yan-mei;ZOU Guo-yuan(Institute of Plant Nutrition and Resource,Beijing Academy of Agricultural and Forest Science,Key Laboratory of Urban Agriculture(North),Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100097,China;Beijing Engineering Technology Research Center for Slow,Controlled-release Fertilizer,Beijing 100097,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市农林科学院植物营养与资源研究所,农业部都市农业(北方)重点实验室,北京100097 [2]北京市缓控释肥料工程技术研究中心,北京100097

出　　处：《中国蔬菜》2017年第10期23-31,共9页China Vegetables

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0201010,2017YFD0800400);北京市重点科技计划项目(D161100005516003);北京市农林科学院科技创新能力建设项目(KJCX20151407);北京市农林科学院青年基金项目(QNJJ201611)

摘　　要：我国设施蔬菜生产中氮肥环境污染问题十分突出,实现水肥资源高效利用与产量共同提升具有重要意义。根系吸收效率低下是阻碍设施番茄高产高效的一个重要原因。本文结合根系构型的最新研究进展,论述了生产中番茄根系的分布特点及其在控释氮素供应条件下的根系形态响应,分析了控释肥料和常规化肥一次性施肥形成的时空异质性养分供应对根系生长与分布的影响,提出利用控释尿素与普通肥料共同调控番茄根系形成表层密集主根深入的理想根系构型。在此基础上通过地上部群体结构调节构建根层连续体,可以在蔬菜集约化生产中进一步促进植株根系对氮素的吸收,减少氮素淋洗损失,进而在氮肥减施条件下实现番茄高产。The environment pollution of nitrogen fertilization in greenhouse vegetable production isa serious problem in China.It is of great significance to realize efficient utilization of water and fertilizer resourcesand improve yield at the same time.The low nutrient absorptivity of root system is an important reason hindering high-yielding and high-efficiency of greenhouse tomato production.This paper reviewed the latest researchprogress in root system architecture,discussed the characteristics of tomato root system distribution in tomatoproduction,and the morphological response of tomato root system to controlled-release of nitrogen fertilize,analyzed the effects of combining controlled-release urea and traditional fertilizer on root system growth anddistribution,put forward an ideal root system construction by applying CRU and traditional fertilizers to modifytomato root system development with dense root in top-layer and deep rooting.On this basis,the plant populationstructure above earth was regulated to construct an efficient root-layer continuum.Thus,in intensive tomatoesproduction,the nitrogen uptake of root system was increased,the leaching losses of nitrogen were avoid,andhigh tomato yield was obtained even with a reduced nitrogen application rate.

关 键 词：根构型 控释尿素 氮素吸收 硝态氮淋洗 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]