控释肥与尿素配合施用对稻季土壤CH_4和N_2O排放的影响  

Effect of Controlled-release Fertilizer and Its Combined Application with Urea on CH_4 and N_2O Emissions in Rice Soil

作　　者：纪洋 于海洋[2] 徐华[2] JI Yang;YU Haiyang;XU Hua(College of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture//Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Nanjing 210008, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,江苏南京210044 [2]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室//中国科学院南京土壤研究所,江苏南京210008

出　　处：《生态环境学报》2017年第9期1494-1500,共7页Ecology and Environmental Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41401268);江苏省基础研究计划青年基金项目(BK20140992);江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目(14KJB210006);土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室开放基金课题(Y412201414)

摘　　要：为明确控释肥和尿素配合施用对稻季土壤CH_4和N_2O排放的影响,通过田间原位试验,采用人工密闭箱法,观测氮肥(尿素单施、控释肥与尿素配合施用)及不同施氮水平(0、80、160、240 kg·hm^(-2))下水稻生长季土壤CH_4和N_2O的排放通量,以寻求综合温室效应最小的施肥管理措施。结果表明:水稻生长季N_2O排放总量、水稻产量均随氮肥施用量的增加而增加,而CH_4排放总量、综合温室效应与氮肥施用量之间没有显著相关性。控释肥与尿素配合施用对水稻生长季CH_4和N_2O排放及水稻产量的影响因氮肥施用量的不同而不同。与尿素单施相比,不同施氮水平下配合施用控释肥能有效降低N_2O排放总量3.6%~49.6%,其中,烤田期是控释肥发挥减排作用的关键时期。与尿素单施相比,在80 kg·hm^(-2)和160 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平上,配施控释肥分别增加CH_4排放总量48.1%和27.5%及稻田综合温室效应45.0%和22.8%,而水稻产量无显著差异;在240 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平上,配施控释肥处理土壤CH_4排放总量降低4.2~15.1%,水稻产量增加5.7%~13.9%,且综合温室效应降低7.5%~19.8%。在240 kg·hm^(-2)施氮水平上,与尿素∶控释肥为3∶7、1.5∶8.5、0∶1的配施处理相比,尿素∶控释肥为4.5∶5.5配施处理的综合温室效应最小,且水稻产量最高。因此,施氮量为240 kg·hm^(-2),尿素和控释肥按4.5∶5.5比例混合施用可作为稻田控释肥推荐施用方式。By the method of static chamber,a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of controlled-release fertilizer and its combination with urea under different application rates(0,80,160and240kg·hm-2)on CH4and N2O emissions in rice soil,with the aim of identifying an optimal fertilization management pattern in rice paddy fields to mitigate the global warming potential.The results showed that,N2O emission and rice yield increased with increasing N application rate,while CH4emission and global warming potential(GWP)of CH4and N2O had no positive relationship with N rate.The effects of combined application of CRF and urea on CH4and N2O emissions and rice yield changed with N application rate.Over different N application rate,combined application of CRF and urea reduced N2O emission by3.6%~49.6%mainly during the midseason aeration(MSA)period as compared to urea.With rate of80kg·hm-2and160kg·hm-2,combined application increased CH4emission by48.1%and27.5%,GWP by45.0%and22.8%,respectively;while no significant difference was found in rice yield.With rate of240kg·hm-2,combined application reduced CH4emission and GWP by4.2%~15.1%and by5.7%~13.9%,respectively,but increased rice yield by7.5%~19.8%.Compared with other combined ratios(3:7,1.5:8.5,0:1),4.5∶5.5is the best combined ratio of urea to CRF for the lower GWP and higher rice yield at rate of240kg·hm-2.

关 键 词：控释肥 尿素 配合施用 施氮量 N2O排放 CH4排放 

分 类 号：S15[农业科学—土壤学] X144[农业科学—农业基础科学]