天然次生林白桦与水曲柳的材性研究  

Research on the Wood Properties of Betula Platyphylla and Franxinus Madschurica in Natural Secondary Forest

作　　者：郑淯文 李祥[1] 林文树[1] Zheng Yuwen;Li Xiang;Lin Wenshu(College of Engineering and Technology, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040)

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学工程技术学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《森林工程》2017年第5期35-40,共6页Forest Engineering

基　　金：黑龙江省政府博士后资助经费项目(LBH-Z15007)

摘　　要：为了全面了解天然次生林白桦与水曲柳的材性,根据国标法,通过万能力学试验机与图像分析仪测定其木材性质,对于合理利用木材,提高经济效益具有重要意义。本文对黑龙江省东方红实验林场的天然次生林白桦和水曲柳的物理力学与解剖性质进行了测定,并针对实验数据进行对比分析。结果表明:水曲柳的木材基本密度、顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度和抗弯弹性模量与硬度均大于白桦,并且差异十分显著,其中白桦与水曲柳的顺纹抗压强度、抗弯强度、抗弯弹性模量分别为52.2 MPa、87.8 MPa、7.57 GPa和59.8 MPa、114.2 MPa、10.4 GPa;白桦和水曲柳端面、弦面、径面的硬度分别为3 019.7、2695.7、2 401.9 N和6 812.7、5 109.7、4 595.2 N;白桦成熟材的组织比量由大到小分别为木纤维组织比量、导管组织比量与木射线组织比量;从纤维长度及长宽比方面来评价,白桦的是制浆造纸的良好原料。In order to fully understand the wood properties of Betula platyphylla and Franxinus madschurica in natural secondary forest,according to the national standard method,wood properties were determined by the universal mechanical testing machine and image analyzer.It was of great significance for the rational use of timber and the improvement of economic benefits.The physical-mechanical and anatomical properties were studied for Betula platyphylla and Fraxinus mandchurica of natural secondary forest from DongFanghong forest farm,Heilongjiang province.After compared and analyzed the experimental data,the results showed that the basic density,compressive strength parallel to the grain,bending strength,modulus of elasticity and hardness of Fraxinus mandchurica are greater than those of Betula platyphylla,and the difference was significant.The compressive strength parallel to the grain,bending strength and modulus of elasticity of Betula platyphylla and Fraxinus mandchurica were52.2MPa^87.8MPa、7.57GPa and59.8MPa、114.2MPa^10.4GPa,respectively.The hardness of cross,radial and tangential section were3019.7,2695.7,2401.9N and6812.7,5109.7,4595.2N,respectively.The tissue proportion of mature wood of Betula platyphylla from high to low were fiber proportion,vessel proportion and ray proportion.From the aspect of fiber length and length-width ratio,Betula platyphylla is a good raw material for pulping and papermaking.

关 键 词：白桦 水曲柳 物理力学性质 解剖性质 

分 类 号：S781.2[农业科学—木材科学与技术]