不同性能液态地膜对盆栽花生土壤增温保水和增产量的效应  

Effects of Different Type Liquid Films on the Increase of Soil Water Storage, Temperature and Yield of Pot-grown Peanut

作　　者：孙仕军[1] 陈志君[1] 王维[1,2] 夏桂敏 尹光华[3] SUN Shi-jun;CHEN Zhi-jun;WANG Wei;XIA Gui-min;YIN Guang-hua(College of Water Conservancy, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, China;Songliao Water Resources Commission, Mimistry of Water Resources, Changchun 130021, China;Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳农业大学水利学院,沈阳110161 [2]水利部松辽委员会,长春130021 [3]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,沈阳110016

出　　处：《沈阳农业大学学报》2017年第5期617-622,共6页Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University

基　　金：国家公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201303125);国家自然科学基金项目(51609137);国家留学基金资助项目(201308210026);辽宁省教育厅项目(2009A630)

摘　　要：针对目前多数液态地膜保水保温效果不显著的问题,研制和筛选更优的液态地膜,以期提高液态地膜增温保墒效果是目前液态地膜研究的一个方向。为了探究更加有效的液态地膜,2014年6~9月以"白沙1016号"花生为试验材料,在沈阳农业大学水利学院试验场旱棚内进行花生盆栽试验,对比研究了高拉伸强度液态地膜(M1)、低透湿性液态地膜(M2)、普通液态地膜覆盖(M3)和裸地对照(CK)4种不同处理下5cm处土壤温度、花生的耗水量、产量和水分利用效率。结果表明:M1、M2和M3处理显著提高了土壤温度,其中M2处理提升的最为显著,M1和M3次之。但随着生育进程的推进,花生植株郁闭,液态地膜增温效果有所降低,且3种液态地膜处理之间的差异也有所减小。M1、M2和M3处理的花生耗水量比裸地处理分别低73.9,42.2,46.9mm,差异显著(p<0.05),但3种液态地膜处理的花生耗水量差异不显著。M1处理的产量和水分利用效率均为最高,分别为50.9g·plant-1和1.9g·kg-1,显著高于裸地处理。但M2和M3处理的花生产量与CK处理的产量之间没有显著性差异,M3处理的花生水分利用效率与CK处理的花生水分利用效率之间也没有显著性差异。研究认为,高拉伸强度液态地膜在改善土壤水热状况、提高花生产量和水分利用效率方面效果最优。今后在液态地膜产品研制和改进过程中,可以适当增加液态地膜的拉伸强度。Most liquid films do not have significant effect on soil water and temperature,therefore,developing more effective liquid films is very important.In order to investigate the effects of different types of liquid films on the soil water and temperature,peanut Baisha1016was grown in pots in Shenyang Agricultural University during June to September in2014.Soil temperature at5cm depth,evapotranspiration,peanut yield and water use efficiency were measured for the four treatments,high-tensile-strength liquid film(M1),low-moisture-permeability liquid film(M2),Qianyue liquid film(M3)and non-mulched(CK).The results showed:(1)Compared with CK,M1,M2and M3significantly increased soil temperature,but no significant differences among M1,M2and M3,and the differences between CK and treatments decreased along with peanut growth.(2)The water consumption of peanut under M1,M2and M3treatments were73.9mm,42.2mm and46.9mm respectively,significantly lower than that of CK(p<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in peanut water consumption among the three liquid mulching treatments.(3)The highest peanut yield(50.9g·plant-1)and water use efficiency(1.9g·kg-1)were observed under M1treatment,significantly higher than those in CK.The values in M2and M3were also higher than those of CK(p>0.05).The results indicated that high-tensile-strength liquid film has the best effect in improving soil water and heat condition,increasing yield and water use efficiency.Therefore,the tensile strength of liquid film should be taken into account in developing new liquid film products.

关 键 词：液态地膜 作物耗水量 土壤温度 保水效应 

分 类 号：S565.2[农业科学—作物学]