负荷运动和低压环境暴露对人体吸氧排氮效率的影响  

Effects of Exercise and Hypobaric Exposure on Efficiency of Pre-oxygenation in Human

作　　者：彭远开[1] 费锦学[1] 国耀宇[1] 肇海[1] 刘钢[1] 何新星[1] PENG Yuankai;FEI Jinxue;GUO Yaoyu;ZHAO Hai;LIU Gang;HE Xinxing(China Astronaut Research and Training Center,Beijing 100094, China)

机构地区：[1]中国航天员科研训练中心,北京100094

出　　处：《载人航天》2017年第6期819-823,共5页Manned Spaceflight

基　　金：载人航天预先研究项目(01100308)

摘　　要：针对与航天员出舱活动吸氧排氮方案关系重大的负荷运动和低压环境对吸氧排氮的影响问题,以7名健康男性青年(年龄18~22岁,身高173.8±4.2 cm,体重72.3±5.3 kg)为被试,进行了19人次实验;分为安静对照组(CN组,7人次,受试者安静坐位吸纯氧3 h)、20 W运动组(20 W组,6人次,受试者脚踏自行车吸纯氧连续2.5 h,自行车功率设置为20 W,速率为60 r/min)和3 km低压组(3 km组,6人次,受试者在低压舱模拟3 km高度安静坐位吸纯氧3 h)。分别测试和计算肺通气量、呼出气氮浓度、排氮速率和累积排氮量。实验发现:与CN组相比,20 W组和3 km组的排氮速率均在吸氧排氮期间前105 min有所增加,部分时间点增加显著;20 W组累积排氮量在吸氧排氮前120 min增加显著,3 km组的累积排氮量在吸氧排氮各时间段均显著增加;与3 km组比,20 W组的排氮速率和累积排氮量均无显著性变化。实验说明负荷运动和低压能有效提高吸氧排氮效率。To study the relationship between the pre-oxygenation Protocols of the astronaut extravehicularactivity(EVA)and the effects of exercise and low pressure on the efficiency of pre-oxygenation,7healthy young male(aged18-22years old,height173.8土4.2c m,body weight72.3土5.3kg)were arranged to participate19experiments.The experiments were divided into threegroups:the control group(7subjects were asked to sit quietly and breath100%O2for3h),20Wexercise group(6subjects were asked to pedal the bicycle ergometer at60r/min-20W and breath100%O2for2.5h),and3k m low pressure group(6subjects were asked to sit quietly and breath100%O2for3h at simulated3k m altitude in the hypobaric chamber).The pulmonary ventilation,the exhaled nitrogen concentration,the nitrogen expiration rate and the cumulative nitrogen expirationwere measured and calculated.The results showed that as compared with the control group,thenitrogen expiration rate in20W exercise group and3k m low pressure group increased for the first105min of pre-oxygenation and increased significantly at some time points of this period;while thecumulative nitrogen expiration increased significantly in20W exercise group in the first120min ofpre-oxygenation and for3k m low pressure group increased significantly for the whole pre-oxygenationperiod.Compared with3k m low pressure group,the nitrogen expiration rate and the cumulativenitrogen expiration of each test point in20W exercise group showed no significant change.The testshows that exercise and low pressure can effectively increase the nitrogen expiration efficiency duringbreathing100%O2in human.

关 键 词：运动 低压 吸氧排氮 出舱活动 

分 类 号：R852.16[医药卫生—航空、航天与航海医学]