氮杂螺环酸毒素在栉孔扇贝体内的代谢规律  

Metabolic regulation of azaspiracids in Chlamys farreri

作　　者：吴海燕[1] 李清云[1,2] 邴晓菲 郭萌萌 顾海峰[3] 翟毓秀[1] 谭志军[1] WU Haiyan;LI Qingyun;BING Xiaofei;GUO Mengmeng;GU Haifeng;ZHAI Yuxiu;TAN Zhijun(Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture; Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071;College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, The Science and Technology University of Qingdao, Qingdao 206011, China;Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen 361000, China)

机构地区：[1]农业部水产品质量安全检测与评价重点实验室,中国水产科学研究院黄海水产研究所,山东青岛266071 [2]青岛科技大学化学与分子工程学院,山东青岛266011 [3]国家海洋局第三研究所,福建厦门361000

出　　处：《中国水产科学》2017年第6期1298-1306,共9页Journal of Fishery Sciences of China

基　　金：中国水产科学研究院基本科研业务费项目(2017HY-YJ0201;2017GH14);山东省重点研发计划(2016GSF120018)项目

摘　　要：氮杂螺环酸毒素(azaspiracids,AZAs)隶属八大类海洋贝类毒素,为一类含氮且具独特螺环结构的聚醚类毒素。采用液相色谱-三重四级杆复合离子阱质谱,研究了分离自中国近海的1株氮杂螺环酸产毒藻腹孔环胺藻(Azadinium poporum,AZDY06)所产氮杂螺环酸毒素在栉孔扇贝体内的蓄积、分布和生物转化机制。通过将栉孔扇贝暴露产毒藻的方式,分析扇贝内脏团、裙边、闭壳肌和其他可食组织4个组织部位的AZAs及其代谢产物分布,研究栉孔扇贝对毒素的代谢机理。结果表明,AZDY06主要产生AZA2毒素,单细胞产毒能力最高为(7.05±0.52)fg/cell;扇贝12 h内摄食5×10~7个产毒藻细胞后,体内AZAs毒素含量已超欧盟安全限量,达165.3μg AZA1eq/kg,蓄积效率为78.2%。AZAs毒素在扇贝各组织间分布存在显著差异:内脏团>其他可食组织>外套膜>闭壳肌。AZA2在扇贝中潜在转化方式为羟基化、去羧基化和氧化,共生成4种代谢产物:AZA6、AZA12、AZA19和AZA23,其中AZA19为最主要代谢产物,约占总毒素40%,其他代谢产物含量较低。本研究证明中国近海分布氮杂螺环酸产毒藻毒性危害较强,建议有关部门加快制定AZAs限量标准。Azaspiracids(AZAs)are a group of lipophilic polyether compounds first discovered in Ireland and have been implicated in shellfish poisoning incidents.Known toxin-producing genera have rapidly increased and now comprise six species,including Azadinium spinosum,A.obesum,A.poporum,A.polongum,A.caudatum,and A.dexteroporum.Approximately40different analogs have been reported to differ in structure and toxicity,of which AZA1,AZA2,and AZA3are the most important ones based on occurrence and toxicity.AZAs are a variety of nitrogen-containing polyether toxins,which include a unique spiral ring assembly,a heterocyclic amine,and an aliphatic carboxylic acid moiety.The consumption of polluted shellfish can cause human intoxication,with symptoms including nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and stomach cramps,which is similar to diarrhetic shellfish poisoning(DSP).Nowadays,in order to guarantee food security,the developed countries have begun to prioritize shellfish monitoring.A regulatory level of160μg AZA1eq/kg in the shellfish tissues is implemented in many countries all over the world,but our country does not have a regulation about this.Azadinium poporum is a small dinoflagellate member of the family Amphidomataceae,which is known for the production of AZAs.Twenty two out of25A.poporum strains isolated in China have proven to be AZA-producing strains,and show a large variability in the AZA profile among different strains.This status underlines the high-risk potential of A.poporum blooms with subsequent shellfish intoxication for the Asian Pacific Ocean.AZA accumulation by bivalve mollusks occurs frequently,while blue mussels were found to accumulate by far the highest concentration.Meanwhile,AZAs have been found in various species of bivalve mollusks such as oysters,mussels,scallops,and clams along Chinese coastline.As AZA is a recently discovered toxin,the bloom dynamics,transfer kinetics,and pathways of AZAs into bivalve mollusks are just beginning to be explored.Accumulation and distribution of AZA toxins in bivalve shellfish cou

关 键 词：氮杂螺环酸毒素 栉孔扇贝 蓄积能力 生物转化 

分 类 号：S94[农业科学—水产养殖]