稻草高茬-紫云英联合还田改善土壤肥力提高作物产量  

Co-incorporation of high rice stubble and Chinese milk vetch improving soil fertility and yield of rice

作　　者：周国朋 谢志坚[3] 曹卫东[1,4] 徐昌旭 白金顺[1] 曾闹华 高嵩涓 杨璐 Zhou Guopeng;Xie Zhijian;Cao Weidong;Xu Changxu;Bai Jinshun;Zeng Naohua;Gao Songjuan;Yang Lu(Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, Ministry of Agriculture / Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;The Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;Institute of Soil&Fertilizer and Resource&Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System for the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River, Ministry of Agriculture /National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil ;Soil and Fertilizer Institute, Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养与肥料重点实验室,北京100081 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室/国家红壤改良工程技术研究中心,南昌330200 [4]青海大学青海省农林科学院土壤肥料研究所,西宁810016

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2017年第23期157-163,共7页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：国家绿肥产业技术体系(CARS-22);中国农业科学院科技创新工程;现代农业人才支撑计划;Newton Fund(Grant Ref:BB/N013484/1);国家农作物种质资源平台(NICGR2017-019);作物种质资源保护和利用项目(2017NWB038)

摘　　要：研究旨在探讨稻草留高茬套种绿肥、稻草-绿肥联合还田下的生产及土壤肥力特征,为南方稻区综合利用稻草和绿肥提供理论及技术支撑。2012—2016年设置定位试验,研究高茬稻草-绿肥联合还田下的绿肥和水稻产量、土壤碳氮库活性及其他养分特征。试验包括5个处理:冬闲+稻草不还田(CK),冬闲+稻草全量还田(RS),冬种紫云英+稻草不还田(MV),冬种紫云英+稻草低茬全量还田(MV+LRS),冬种紫云英+稻草高茬全量还田(MV+HRS),各处理施用等量化肥。结果表明:稻草-绿肥联合还田提高绿肥产草量及其含氮量,与MV相比,分别增加了13.1%和6.8%(MV+LRS)、32.2%和5.2%(MV+HRS);增加水稻产量,以MV+HRS处理最高,4 a平均产量较RS、MV增加556.8和412.8 kg/hm2。2013和2015年,MV+HRS处理水稻产量高于MV+LRS。稻草-绿肥联合还田培肥地力效果明显,土壤有机质、全氮含量均比CK、RS和MV增加;且联合还田下有效养分提升更为全面。与稻草和绿肥单独应用相比,稻草-绿肥联合还田还能提升土壤微生物量氮及可溶性有机碳氮含量。可见,稻草-绿肥联合还田能够改善绿肥生长、提高水稻产量、提升土壤肥力;其中,高茬稻草与绿肥联合还田下的紫云英和水稻产量最高,土壤肥力也优于低茬处理,是综合利用稻草和绿肥资源的较好方式。Rice straw return and green manure cultivation in winter fallow season are2effective ways of improving soil fertility in south China.Due to the relatively stable carbon to nitrogen ratio,either the rice straw return or green manure cultivation alone has its own limits in practice.Recently,the combined application of green manure and rice straw has been developed,while little is known about the impacts on crop yield and soil fertility.A field trial was conducted at an experimental station managed by National Engineering and Technology Research Center for Red Soil Improvement in Fengcheng,Jiangxi Province,China to explore effects of remaining high rice stubble,inter-planting green manure(Chinese milk vetch,Astragalus sinicus L.)and co-incorporation of rice straw and green manure on double rice and green manure yield and soil fertility.Field experiments were conducted in a rice-rice-winter fallow or rice-rice-Chinese milk vetch(MV)rotation system.A total of5treatments with different cultivation practices were included,(i)CK,rice-rice-winter fallow without rice straw return;(ii)RS,rice-rice-winter fallow with rice straw return;(iii)MV,rice-rice-MV without rice straw;(iv)MV+LRS,rice-rice-MV with return of low stubble(0cm)of rice straw;(v)MV+HRS rice-rice-MV with return of high stubble(30cm)of rice straw.The results showed that co-incorporation of RS and MV significantly increased fresh yield and nitrogen content of MV plants by13.1%and6.8%in MV+LRS and32.2%and5.2%in MV+HRS than those in MV alone,respectively.The average yield of double rice yield over the4years was significantly increased by556.8and412.8kg/hm2in MV+HRS than in RS and MV,respectively.Compared to CK,the soil organic matter(SOM)content was significantly increased by6.8%to8.0%in RS and MV,the total nitrogen(TN)was marginally affected by the2treatments.Compared to CK,the soil inorganic N content was significantly decreased in treatments with RS and MV alone,while the available K was increased in RS.Different from soil inorganic nitrogen,manure treatments g

关 键 词：绿肥 肥力 氮 稻 紫云英 产量 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学] S541.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]