面向特大城市的风环境容量指标和区划初探——以北京为例  

Indexes and Zoning Research of Wind Environmental Capacity for Metropolis——A Case of Beijing

作　　者：杜吴鹏[1] 房小怡[1] 刘勇洪[1] 贺健[2] 程宸[1] 党冰[1] 邢佩[1] Du Wupeng;Fang Xiaoyi;Liu Yonghong;He Jian;Cheng Chen;Dang Bing;Xing Pei(Beijing Municipal Climate Center, Beijing 100089, China;Beijing Municipal Institute of City Planning & Design, Beijing 100045, China)

机构地区：[1]北京市气候中心,北京100089 [2]北京市城市规划设计研究院,北京100045

出　　处：《气候变化研究进展》2017年第6期526-533,共8页Climate Change Research

基　　金：中国气象局气候变化专项(CCSF201506;CCSF201728);中国气象局气候变化创新团队;国家自然科学基金(71473146);北京市科技计划(Z161100001216011);北京市气象局城市气候评估创新团队建设计划

摘　　要：利用气象观测、高分辨率城市地理信息和卫星遥感数据,通过将气象类指标与城市类指标相结合,开展了北京地区风环境容量指标和区划的探索性研究。结果表明:水平风速和大气混合层厚度两个指标在空间上均呈北部和东部地区高、中心城区和西南地区低的特征;中心城核心区和卫星城的地表粗糙度长度较高,二环内老城区建筑多为平房,地表粗糙度长度小于二环外其他中心城区,形成较明显的空心环状结构;在中心城区外的植被地区,北部和西部山区粗糙度长度明显高于平原区;加权综合水平风速、大气混合层厚度和地表粗糙度长度3个指标,计算不同等级风环境容量指数阈值,在空间上西南地区的房山、门头沟、海淀、石景山、丰台以及中心城区的东城和西城等地风环境容量指数较低,其中二环至四环范围是风环境容量指数最低区域,这与北京经济、金融和商业中心空间分布一致;延庆、怀柔、密云的北部以及通州的绝大部分地区为风环境容量指数高值区,其他平原区多为中等风环境容量指数区。Based on the meteorology observation,high resolution urban geographic information and satellite remote sensing data,as well as taking account of the meteorology and urban factors,the results of the wind environmental capacity indexes and zoning in Beijing show that,both the wind speed and mixing layer height are higher in the north and east regions,while lower in central city and southwest areas.The surface roughness length is higher in central and satellite cities,while smaller within the2nd ring road than in other central urban areas because of the effect of many bungalows distribution,which forms an obvious hollow and ring structure.In the northern and western mountain districts,the roughness length is higher than that in plain areas.Weighting and overall considering the three factors of wind speed,mixing layer height and roughness length,the wind environmental capacity index thresholds were calculated at different levels.It is lower in Fangshan,Mentougou,Haidian,Shijingshan,Fengtai,Dongcheng and Xicheng,especially the capacity index is the lowest in the region between the2nd ring road and the4th ring road,which is also consistent with the spatial distribution of Beijing's economic,financial and commercial centers.The high value of wind environmental capacity index is mainly distributed in the northern part of Yanqing,Huairou,Miyun and almost whole Tongzhou district,while other plain areas belong to medium wind environmental capacity index.

关 键 词：风环境容量 混合层厚度 粗糙度长度 指标 北京 

分 类 号：P463.3[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]