α、β表面污染测量仪的性能检定与结果分析  

The performance verification and result analysis of Alpha,Beta surface contamination meter

作　　者：宋颖[1] 刘峰[2] 刘辉[1] SONG Ying;LIU Feng;LIU Hui(Quality Control Laboratory of Radiological Diagnosis and Radiotherapy, Key Laboratory of Radiological Protection and Nuclear Emergency of China CDC, National Institute for Radiological Protection,China CDC, Beijing 100088, China)

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心辐射防护与核安全医学所放射诊疗设备质量控制实验室辐射防护与核应急中国疾病预防控制中心重点实验室,北京100088 [2]新疆维吾尔自治区疾病预防控制中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830001

出　　处：《中国医学装备》2017年第12期43-46,共4页China Medical Equipment

基　　金：中国疾病预防控制中心青年科研基金(2016A205)"儿童CT检查设备显示剂量与实测剂量的比较研究"

摘　　要：目的:应用国家标准对α、β表面污染测量仪进行校准,分析在用测量仪的性能状况,提出进一步加强辐射防护工作的建议。方法:选取18台医院核医学科、疾病预防控制中心、职业病防治研究院、卫生监督所以及具有辐射卫生检测资质的企业机构的α、β表面污染测量仪,型号不做特殊筛选,依据国家标准GB/T 5202-2008/IEC 60325:2002"辐射防护仪器α、β和α/β(β能量>60 ke V)污染测量仪与监测仪"进行校准,校准中采用两组镅-241(^(241)Am)α平面源和两组铊-204(^(204)Tl)β平面源作为标准源,利用支架固定测量距离,根据标准程序完成仪器效率、统计涨落和相对固有误差3项指标的测量。结果:18台测量仪测量α射线的仪器效率主要集中在20%~40%,测量β射线的仪器效率主要集中在20%~60%;18台测量仪测量α射线的统计涨落均<10%,β射线的统计涨落有14台<10%,4台集中在10%~20%;在测量仪的相对固有误差的测量中,大部分仪器测量结果<6%。结论:18台在用的测量仪性能符合国家标准,但仍有个别仪器的个别指标性能低于同类仪器水平,建议使用中要注意维护保养,确保仪器的正常功能和测量准确性,为辐射防护工作提供有力保障。Objective:To summarize the performance of surface contamination meters was using through applied national standard to calibrate them so as to provide helpful suggestion for radiation protection.Methods:18surface contamination meters were enrolled in this research.Depend on the national standard(GB/T5202-2008/IEC60325:2002)to implement calibration.In the calibration,two groups of241Am alpha plane source and two groups of204T1beta plane source were chosen as standard source.The holder was used to fix the distance of measurement between source and detector,and then the efficiency of apparatus,statistical fluctuation and relative inherent error were measured depended on the standard procedure.Results:The efficiency of apparatus of18surface contamination meters in detection forαray mainly focused on20%-40%,and forβray,it mainly focused on20%-60%.All of statistical fluctuations of18meters forαray were lower than10%,and forβray,there were14meters were lower than10%and4meters focused on10%-20%.In the measurement of relative inherent error,most of results were lower than6%.Conclusion:The performances of18surface contamination meters conform with national standards,although individual indicator of individual apparatus still lower than the level of same kind of apparatus.This paper recommends paramedic should pay attention to maintain the apparatus,and ensure the normal function and measurement accuracy of apparatus so as to provide strong support for radiation protection.

关 键 词：表面污染测量仪 性能检定 仪器效率 统计涨落 相对固有误差 

分 类 号：R145[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]