树叶燃烧排放烟尘中水溶性离子的组成  

Chemical composition of water-soluble ions in smoke from leaf combustion

作　　者：刘刚 李久海 徐慧 吴丹 陈惠雨 杨伟宗 LIU Gang;LI Jiu-hai;XU Hui;WU Dan;CHEN Hui-yu;YANG Wei-zong(Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology,Nanjing 210044, China)

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学环境科学与工程学院,江苏省大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心,江苏南京210044

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2017年第12期4480-4486,共7页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41073019)

摘　　要：模拟林火中生物质明燃和闷燃的两种燃烧方式,对9种树叶进行模拟燃烧试验,测定了其排放烟尘中水溶性离子的组成.结果表明:绿叶明燃烟尘中含有Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、Na^+、NH_4^+、K^+、Mg^(2+)6种离子,其平均总含量为45.02g/kg;Cl^-、SO_4^(2-)、K^+是主要组分,其平均总排放因子为2.43g/kg.绿叶闷燃烟尘中的离子成分与明燃烟尘相似,但未检出SO_4^(2-),却检出了低含量的NO_3^-,其平均总含量为9.95g/kg;Cl^-和NH4+是含量最高的组分,其平均总排放因子为1.04g/kg.明燃时从落叶烟尘中检出的水溶性离子种类比绿叶多出了Ca^(2+),其平均总含量为56.40g/kg;Cl^-和SO_4^(2-)是主要成分,其平均总排放因子为0.96g/kg.落叶闷燃烟尘中水溶性离子的种类与其明燃烟尘完全相同,其平均总含量为16.86g/kg,SO_4^(2-)是含量最高的组分,离子的平均总排放因子为1.43g/kg.在相同的燃烧条件下,不论是绿叶还是落叶,其所产生烟尘中绝大部分水溶性离子的含量及排放因子均随树叶种类而变.对于绿叶而言,明燃比闷燃更有利于水溶性离子的排放,对于落叶则恰恰相反.Water-soluble ions in particulate matter(PM)from leaf combustion were determined.The results showed that Cl-,SO42-,Na+,NH4+,K+,and Mg2+existed in flaming PM from green leaves.The average content of total water-soluble ions was45.02g/kg.Cl-,SO42-,and K+were the major components.The mean emission factor(EF)for the total ions was2.43g/kg.The ion types in smoldering PM from green leaf combustion were similar to those in flaming PM,except that NO3-was found instead of SO42-.The mean content for the total ions was9.95g/kg.The main constituents were Cl-and NH4+.The mean EF for the all ions was1.04g/kg.Ca2+occurred in flaming PM from fallen leaves besides the ions found in flaming PM from green leaves.The average content of the total ions was56.40g/kg.Their major components were Cl-and SO42-.In addition,the mean EF of the all ions was0.96g/kg.The types of ions found in smoldering PM from fallen leaves were the same as in flaming PM.The mean content of the ions was16.86g/kg.SO42-was the main component.The mean EF for the total ions was1.43g/kg.Both contents in PM and EFs for most of the ions from green or fallen leaves varied with leaf types while burned under each condition.Flaming combustion was in favor of ion emission relative to smoldering one for green leaves.The situation was just opposite for fallen leaves.

关 键 词：树叶 水溶性离子 燃烧 烟尘 排放因子 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]