根区施加鸭排泄物对水稻生长及甲烷排放的影响  

Effects of duck excrement addition in root zone on rice growth and methane emission

作　　者：赵本良[1,2] 沈启斌 章家恩 王秋爽[1] 汤薇 ZHAO Benliang;SHEN Qibin;ZHANG Jiaen;WANG Qiushuang;TANG Wei(South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China;Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment in the Tropics, Ministry of Agriculture of the People’s Republic of China, Guangdong Engineering Research Center for Modern Eco-agriculture and Circular Agriculture, Guangzhou, 510642, China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学,广州510642 [2]农业部华南热带农业环境重点开放实验室,广东省现代生态农业与循环农业工程技术研究中心,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第6期1-7,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(U1131006,30900187,31300371);珠江科技新星(201506010042);广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设项目(2016LM1100);广东省科技计划项目(2015B090903077,2016A02010094);广州市科技计划项目(201604020062);广东省自然科学基金(2016A030313410);广东省高校优青计划(YQ2015026);广东教育厅青年创新项目(2014WQNCX02,2015KQNCX108);大学生创新创业项目(201410564009,201510564390,201614278082,201614278037);广东大学生科技创新专项(Pdjh2016b0373,Pdjh2016b0374)

摘　　要：为阐明鸭排泄物在根区表层分布对水稻生长和释放甲烷的影响,以黄华占和麻鸭排泄物为材料,采用隔离根区的方式进行了水稻培养的室内试验,设计了三个排泄物施加位置处理包括近根部施加排泄物(NR)、远根部施加排泄物(FR)、内外同时施加排泄物(NFR)和不添加排泄物的对照(CK),测定了水稻株高、生物量、根系活力、叶绿素含量和甲烷排放量等指标的变化。结果表明,24天后,NR、FR和NFR处理中水稻株高相比对照显著增加了11%、17%和16%,FR和NFR处理的日均株高增长量比对照增加了46%和35%,水稻基部施加鸭排泄物有助于株高的增长。与对照相比,NFR、FR处理的地上部分生物量显著增加了19%和20%,排泄物处理NFR、FR、NR中的根系生物量相比对照显著升高了40%、80%和42%,不同位置施加鸭排泄物造成了水稻地上部分和根系生物量的显著变化。FR处理的根冠比相比对照显著升高了45%。NFR、FR和NR处理中的地上植株含水率均没有显著差异。相比对照,施加鸭排泄物的处理FR、NFR中水稻叶片的叶绿素含量显著提高了5.5%和8.0%,施加排泄物处理NFR中水稻根系活力显著高于对照67%,排泄物的施加有利于水稻生长。NR和FR处理的甲烷排放通量在第24天和对照相比显著降低了59%和47%,总之,在根区不同位置施加鸭排泄物对水稻生长和甲烷排放特性有显著的影响。In order to clarify the effects of the distribution of excrement from mud duck on growth and methane emission of Oryza sativa L.(Huanghuazhan),an indoor experiment was carried out by dividing the root zone into two subzones with or without duck excrement application.Three treatments including excrement near roots(NR),excrement far from roots(FR),and excrement near and far from roots(NFR)were designed and no excrement addition was used as control(CK).The changes of plant height,biomass,root activity,chlorophyll content and methane flux were measured.After24days,the plant height of rice was11%,17%and16%higher in the NR,FR and NFR treatment compared with that in CK(P<0.05).The height increase per day of rice in FR and NFR was46%and35%higher than that of CK(P<0.05).The NFR and FR treatments significantly increased the aboveground biomass by19%and20%compared with CK.The root biomass in NFR,FR and NR was40%,80%and42%higher than that of CK.The root/shoot ratio in FR was significantly increased by45%compared with that of control.There was no significant difference in the water content of the aboveground part of rice in NFR,FR and NR.Compared with the control,the chlorophyll content of rice leaves in NFR and FR was significantly increased by8.0%and5.5%and the root activity of rice in NFR was significantly enhanced by67%.The methane emission flux in NR and FR was59%and47%lower than that of the control at day24(p<0.05).Application of duck excrement in two root zones significantly affects the growth and methane emission of Oryza sativa L.

关 键 词：稻鸭共作 鸭排泄物 温室气体 甲烷排放 水稻生长 

分 类 号：Q142.3[生物学—生态学]