中国热带珊瑚岛橙花破布木(Cordia subcordata)的生物学特性  

The biological characteristics of Cordia subcordata on tropical coral island in China

作　　者：吴淑华 陈昊雯 简曙光[1] 刘慧[1] 张炜[1] 任海[1] WU Shuhua;CHEN Haowen;JIAN Shuguang;LIU Hui;ZHANG Wei;REN Hai(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;College of Civil Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China)

机构地区：[1]广东省应用植物学重点实验室,中国科学院华南植物园,广州510650 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [3]湖南大学土木工程学院,长沙410082

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第6期57-63,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC1403002);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA13020500);“十二五”农村领域国家科技计划项目(2015BAL04B04);广东省科技计划项目(2016A030303044)

摘　　要：橙花破布木(Cordia subcordata)为紫草科常绿小乔木,生长在沿海荒地以及红树林边缘,是我国西沙群岛和南沙太平岛的优势乡土树种。对其叶片生理生态学特征、叶片营养元素含量、土壤营养元素含量进行了测定,结果表明,橙花破布木叶片栅栏组织排列较为紧密有序,而海绵组织则排列较疏松无序,具备明显的阳生性特征;叶片面积大,可竞争到更多的光照;叶片下表皮气孔数多,利于同化二氧化碳并积累干物质;上表皮厚,比叶面积小、导管直径和导管密度大,叶导水率低,木质部密度大,这些生理生态特征有利于其充分利用水分,并适应干旱环境。橙花破布木叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性较高,脯氨酸(PRO)和脱落酸(ABA)含量较高,但丙二醛(MDA)的含量较低,说明其对逆境的耐受性较强。橙花破布木体内养分含量较高,而其生长的土壤养分含量低,说明其养分吸收和利用能力较高。因此,橙花破布木对高温、强光、干旱、贫瘠具有较强的适应能力,因而在热带滨海地区的绿化和防风林建设方面具有良好的应用前景。Cordia subcordata is an evergreen small tree species of Boraginaceae family.It generally grows in the coastal wasteland and the edge of mangroves.It is the dominant tree species in Xisha Islands and Taiping Island in south China.We examined the ecophysiological characteristics,and nutrients contents of its leaves and its growing soil.We found that the leaf palisade tissue of Cordia subcordata arranged in an orderly manner,but its spongy tissue arranged loosely and disorderly,which showed that this species was a typical heliophyte.The large leaf area of Cordia subcordata could help in intercepting sunlight.The leaf epidermal stomata density of Cordia subcordata was high,which was beneficial to assimilate carbon dioxide and accumulate dry matter.For Cordia subcordata,the upper epidermis was thick,the specific leaf area value was low,the vessel diameter and density were high,the leaf water conductivity was low and the xylem density was high.These physiological ecology characteristics could favor Cordia subcordata in fully utilizing water and adapting to the arid environment.The leaf superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity of Cordia subcordata was high,and the leaf proline(PRO)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents were high,but leaf malondialdehyde(MDA)content was low,which meant that it could well tolerate stress conditions.Therefore,Cordia subcordata individuals tolerate high temperature,thigh radiation,drought,as well as barren.We conclude that Cordia subcordata has a good application potential in greening and windbreak construction in the tropical coastal area.

关 键 词：橙花破布木 叶片结构 生理生态特性 土壤营养元素 防风林建设 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]