不同生长期入侵植物刺苍耳的化感作用  

The allelopathic effect of the invasive plant Xanthium spinosum L. at different growing stages

作　　者：袁着耕 刘影[1,2] 邵华[3] 赵金雨 赵玉[1,2] 胡云霞[1] YUAN Zhuogeng;LIU Ying;SHAO Hua;ZHAO Jinyu;ZHAO Yu;HU Yunxia(Chemistry and Environment Science School of Yili Normal University, Yining 835000, China;Bioscience and Geosciences School of Yili Normal University, Yining Xinjiang 835000, China;Key Laboratory of Biogeography and Bioresource in Arid Land, Xinjiang Institute of EcoLogy and Geography, Chines Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China)

机构地区：[1]伊犁师范学院化学与环境科学学院,伊宁835000 [2]伊犁师范学院生物与地理科学学院,伊宁835000 [3]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所干旱区生物地理与生物资源重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第6期107-113,共7页Ecological Science

基　　金：刺苍耳在伊犁河谷地区恶性入侵的化感作用机制研究(31460164);增温和氮沉降背景下恶性入侵植物刺苍耳生活史的响应(31660144);入侵植物刺苍耳根中化感物质的分离;提取与鉴定(2016YSY035)

摘　　要：为探明刺苍耳(Xanthium spinosum L.)各时期(幼苗期、花蕾前期、成熟期)的化感作用,采用生物测定法研究刺苍耳各时期水提液对小白菜(Brassica chinensis L.)、莴苣(Lactuca sativa L.)、黑麦草(Lolium multiflorum L.)、金狗尾草(Setaria glauca L.)4种植物幼苗生长的影响。结果表明:(1)刺苍耳成熟期全株水提取液对小白菜根长、苗高的影响表现为"低促高抑"的效应;当水提液浓度为10 mg·m L^(-1)时,对小白菜、莴苣、黑麦草、金狗尾草的根长和苗高生长抑制率分别在39.25%—69.43%和13.17%—58.02%之间。(2)刺苍耳花蕾前期全株水提液在同样浓度10 mg·m L^(-1)时,对白菜、莴苣、黑麦草、金狗尾草的根长和苗高生长表现出完全的抑制作用,并且在浓度5 mg·m L^(-1)时对4种植物根长的抑制率分别在36.48%—72.71%之间,远高于刺苍耳成熟期在同浓度下的抑制作用。(3)刺苍耳幼苗期全株水提液在浓度为5 mg·m L^(-1)、10 mg·m L^(-1)时对4种植物表现出了完全的抑制作用。在浓度2.5 mg·m L^(-1)时,对4种植物根长的抑制率分别在52.96%—65.67%之间,抑制率也远高于同浓度下的刺苍耳成熟期和花蕾前期。刺苍耳各时期的化感作用是客观存在的,在同样浓度下,刺苍耳幼苗期水提液对植物的抑制作用强于另两个时期,可能是由于种子萌发时产生了较多的化感物质,以便尽早排挤其它伴生植物,占据生态优势。Bioassay method was applied to evaluate the allelopathic effect of the invasive plant Xanthium spinosum L.at different stages against4receiver plants,i.e.Brassica chinensis,Lactuca sativa,Lolium multiflorum,Setaria glauca.Our results showed:1)mature plant materials exhibited promoting effect when tested at low concentrations but inhibitory effect when the concentrations were high;root and shoot length were inhibited by39.25%-69.43%and13.17%-58.02%,respectively,when1mg·ml-1aqueous extract was applied.2)In the early blooming stage,the10mg·ml-1aqueous extract of X.spinosum exhibited inhibitory effect on both root and shoot growth of4receiver plants,which suppressed root growth with a much stronger effect than mature plant by36.48%-72.71%at5mg·ml-1.3)Extracts of X.spinosum seedlings at5mg·ml-1and10mg·ml-1showed inhibitory effect on4receiver plants.At2.5mg·ml-1,the extract suppressed root length by52.96%-65.67%,which was much higher than the mature and blooming plants.In conclusion,X.spinosum exhibited allelopathic activity at different growing stages.Seedlings possessed the most potent effect compared to mature and blooming plants,possibly due to the fact that X.spinosum produced more allelochemicals while germinating to better exclude neighboring plants and enforce its own dominance.

关 键 词：刺苍耳 不同生长期 水提液 化感作用 

分 类 号：S451[农业科学—植物保护]