池塘分区养殖系统对水质和浮游植物群落结构的影响  

Characteristics of water quality and phytopankton community in the partitioned aquaculture system

作　　者：李俊伟[1] 朱长波[1] 颉晓勇[1] 郭永坚[1] 陈素文[1] 常华 张宁 曾林 胡瑞萍 LI Junwei;ZHU Changbo;XIE Xiaoyong;GUO Yongjian;CHEN Suwen;Chang Hua;ZHANG Ning;ZENG Lin;HU Ruiping(Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of China, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China;Haida group co., LTD, Guangzhou 511400, China;Haiwei aquaculture technology, LTD, Guangzhou 510300, China)

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所,广东省渔业生态环境重点实验室,农业部南海渔业资源开发利用重点实验室,广州510300 [2]海大集团股份有限公司,广州511400 [3]广州市海威水产科技有限公司,广州510300

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第6期114-124,共11页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省海洋渔业科技推广项目(B201601-01&B201500B04);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所)(2014ZD01);广东省省级科技计划项目(2013B090500081&2013B040500020)

摘　　要：通过对虾池塘内浮游植物群落结构的生态学特征指标进行连续采样监测,研究分区养殖系统对于虾塘水质和浮游植物群落组成的影响。采用进排水管和水泵将虾塘和鱼塘相连,通过泵出虾塘底层水和回流鱼塘上层水实现水体流动。分区组(R)由对虾单养塘和鱼类混养塘组成,对照组(C)为对虾单养塘,监测时间为30天。结果显示:通过定期循环处理可使对虾养殖池塘内总悬浮颗粒物(TPM)、颗粒有机物(POM)含量分别降低36%—45%和15%—20%。R组虾塘水质改善,溶解态活性磷含量(PO_4–P)增加,显著高于C组(P<0.05);实验结束时R组虾塘NH4^+–N含量显著低于C组(P<0.05)。实验期间,R组浮游植物种类多于C组,均表现为绿藻门>蓝藻门>硅藻门>裸藻门;R组蓝藻生物量低于C组,尤其C组具有较高比例的颤藻。实验结束时,R组绿藻门的优势度明显高于C组(P<0.05);R组浮游植物的香农多样性指数(2.91)略高于C组(2.62)(P>0.05)。实验期间,2个处理组浮游植物群落的Margale丰富度指数均逐渐升高,并且R组在第20、30 d高于C组(P<0.05)。结果表明:分区养殖可以通过减少颗粒物而改善水质,水体流动可以加速含磷物质释放。水体流动和较低的N/P可能有助于提高虾塘内绿藻种类优势度而减少蓝藻发生,并且在提高浮游植物种类多样性以及丰富度方面具有积极作用。The effects of a partitioned aquaculture system on the water quality and phytoplankton were studied using3partitioned units and3control ponds.The partitioned aquaculture system consisted of shrimp pond and fish pond,and the two ponds were connected by piping and pump.Three other isolated shrimp ponds were designated as the C group,whereas the fish pond was used for the culturing of silver carp,crucian carp,grass carp and Mugil cephalus and three partitioned aquaculture system were designated as the R group(R).Throughout4sampling times(30d),the total particulate matter(TPM)and the particulate organic matter(POM)in the R group were36%-45%and15%-20%lower than in the C group.The results suggest that the system can improve the water quality in the shrimp ponds,the PO4-P content of the water column was higher in the R group than in the C group(P<0.05),and NH4-N was lower than in the C group(P<0.05)late in the experiment.During the experiment,the phytoplankton species in the R group was more than that in the C group,and the trend of the different species in the two groups was Chlorophyta>Cyanophyta>Bacillariphyta>Euglenophyta.The biomass of Cyanobacteria in the R group was less than that in the C group,and there was higher density of Oscillatoria in the C group.At the end of the experiment,the Simpson index of Chlorophyta in the R group was higher than that in the C group(P<0.05),and the Shannon index of phytoplankton in the R group was a little more than that in the C group(P>0.05).During the experiment,the richness index of phytoplankton in the two groups increased gradually,and the value in the R group was higher than that in the C group on the20th day and30th day(P<0.05).In the present study,the partitioned aquaculture system could be easily implemented in an aquaculture zone,and its application can reduce the POM and increase the release of PO4-P.The running water and low N/P value may be the main reason for the dominance of Chlorophyta and weakness of Cyanophyta,therefore the partitioned aquaculture system may pla

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾Litopenaeus vannamei 混养 分区养殖系统 浮游植物 

分 类 号：S96[农业科学—水产养殖]