大亚湾表层沉积物和底栖生物中重金属的污染特征与生物积累  

Contamination status and bioaccumulation of the heavy metals in the surface sediments and benthos in Daya Bay

作　　者：林丽华[1] 魏虎进 黄华梅[1] LIN Lihua;WEI Hujin;HUANG Huamei(South China Sea Institute of Planning and Environmental Research, SOA, Guangzhou 510300, China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局南海规划与环境研究院,广州510000

出　　处：《生态科学》2017年第6期173-181,共9页Ecological Science

基　　金：海洋生态红线区划管理技术集成研究与应用(201405007);基于海洋健康的资源环境承载能力监测预警关键技术研究与区域示范应用(201505008)

摘　　要：通过分析2015年5月大亚湾海域34个采样站位表层沉积物和底栖生物生物体中5种重金属(铜、铅、锌、镉、汞)的综合污染程度因子、潜在生态风险因子和生物-沉积物积累因子,评估了大亚湾海域表层沉积物重金属的污染现状、潜在生态风险水平和生物-沉积物积累程度。结果表明:大亚湾海域表层沉积物中重金属含量上呈现锌>铅>铜>镉>汞的规律;空间上呈带梯度带分布:北部沿岸海域含量较高,南部口门附近海域最低。重金属污染属于中等-比较严重污染水平,其中锌、镉、汞是大亚湾沉积物污染的主要因子,潜在生态风险属于中等-较高风险水平,汞、镉是较大的潜在风险因子。底栖生物生物体重金属含量上呈现锌>铜>铅>镉>汞。铜、铅、锌、汞四种重金属除铜、锌在棒锥螺(Turritella terebra)生物体轻度积累外,其它均无明显积累表现,而重金属镉呈现较强的积累现象。Based on heavy metal(Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Hg)concentration of34samples from the surface sediments and benthos collected from Daya Bay in May of2015,we assessed the level of heavy metal pollution,ecological risk and biota-sediment accumulation using the Comprehensive Pollution Index,the Potential Ecological Risk Index and the Biota-sediment Accumulation Factor.The results indicated that the average contents of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd and Hg were13.9,29.1,82.3,0.08and0.03mg·kg-1,respectively.The contribution to the marine pollution ranked as Zn>Pb>Cu>Cd>Hg.The contents of heavy metals were spatially distributed as bends,with the highest content in the North of Daya Bay and lowest content in the South of Daya Bay.The comprehensive pollution index of Daya Bay was between the medium and very high,and the contents of Zn,Cd,and Hg were the main contributors.The potential ecological risk of heavy metals in Daya Bay was at a medium-high level,and Cd and Hg were the highest potential ecological risk heavy metals.The rank for the contents of heavy metals in benthos was Zn>Cu>Pb>Cd>Hg.There was no significant bioaccumulation for Hg,Pb in the benthos,while Cu and Zn showed slight bioaccumulation in Turritella terebra,and Cd showed a relatively higher bioaccumulation in the benthos.

关 键 词：大亚湾 沉积物重金属 生物积累 潜在生态风险 

分 类 号：X[环境科学与工程]