重析《历史与阶级意识》与列宁主义的关系  

A Review on the Relationship Between History and Class Consciousness and Leninism

作　　者：马嘉鸿 MA Jiahong(International Institute of Social History, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam)

机构地区：[1]荷兰皇家与艺术科学院国际社会史研究所

出　　处：《中国浦东干部学院学报》2017年第6期86-95,108,共11页Journal of China Executive Leadership Academy Pudong

摘　　要：卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》(1923)中所提出的诸多概念范畴,如阶级意识、总体性等等,极大地影响了后来的西方马克思主义。但西方马克思主义对此书思想源头的追溯及政治意义的理解,反倒使文本的原初意图模糊不清了。卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中的哲学表述,是在俄国革命的激励下,在对布尔什维克政治活动的观察和列宁的革命理论基础上得出的,是对列宁主义的哲学化解释。但它和列宁直接服务于革命的政治策略在性质上仍有重大的不同。卢卡奇借助于黑格尔历史哲学范畴对布尔什维克政党理论的抽象,即认为政党是辩证法和历史运动的"中介"的观点,是基于理想型式的规范分析。这主要体现在卢卡奇和列宁对相同概念的不同使用方式上。卢卡奇的理论不能预见革命潮流衰退之后党内可能出现的新情况和新问题;而一旦出现对理想型分析的背离,亦无法作出合理的解释。The various concepts proposed by Lukacs in History and Class Consciousness(1923),such as class consciousness and totality,made profound influence on the development of Western Marxism.But the review of ideological source and integrations on political significance made by western Marxism lead confusions to the original intent of History and Class Consciousness.Drawing inspirations from Russian Revolution,Lukacs'philosophical expression in History and Class Consciousness was made on the basis of Bolsheviks'political activities and revolutionary theories of Lenin.Although being viewed as a philosophical interpretation on Leninism,it had fundamental difference with Lenin's revolution-targeted political strategies.Based on Hegel's historical-philosophical theoretical framework,Lukacs made an abstraction on Party theories of Bolsheviks.He viewed political Party as a mediation between dialectics and historical movement.It was a normative analysis based on ideal theoretical framework.Lukacs and Lenin adopted different perspective on interpreting the same concept.However,Lukacs'theory could never make a prediction on possible challenges that emerged after the revolution.His theory failed to give an reasonable explanation on the deviation of theoretical framework.

关 键 词：格奥尔吉·卢卡奇 列宁 罗莎.卢森堡 总体性 阶级意识 

分 类 号：D6[政治法律—政治学]